「絕地天通」的神話學解釋脈絡考

The Origin of the Interpretation of the Mythology of ＂Isolation of Heaven and Earth＂

楊孟珠(Meng-Chu Yang)

《興大人文學報》 54期 (2015/03) Pp. 167-204

摘要

「絕地天通」四字首載於《尚書．呂刑》，在神話這門西學未東漸之前，相關討論一向屬隸在經學範疇，然而經廿世紀上半葉「古史辨」學派之疑古辨偽，將上古諸多經史敘述「還原」為神話後，開啟了「絕地天通」神話學論述的動能，「絕地天通」事件逐漸成為「天地分離」、「人神關係停止」、「失樂園」、「宇宙起源神話」等的表述，續而被學者以母題索引概念進行編碼，而成「宇宙起源神話」的索引條目。本文的研究動機起於好奇「絕地天通」如何從經史議題翻轉成為神話議題？「絕地天通」此一神話母題的提取與確認，如何在「歷時性」過程中被編整？進一步考察從顧頡剛、馬伯樂以降，多位中西學者對「絕地天通」的神話論述，蠡測「絕地天通」之「宇宙起源神話」解釋脈絡的形成、由來，並嘗試指出踵繼研究者「綜合化」前人論述而有解釋寬鬆、交互矛盾等問題。

關鍵字

呂刑 ； 古史辨 ； 母題 ； 宇宙起源神話 ； 天梯神話

並列摘要

The term, ＂Jue Di Tian Tong(絕地天通) ＂(the isolation of Heaven and Earth),was first seen in the book, ＂Lu Punishment＂ in ShangShu (《尚書．呂刑》). Before the spread of western learning and mythology to the East, mythological discussions were always included in the study of Confucian classics. However, starting from the first half of the twentieth century when the ＂ancient history debater＂(古史辨 the Gushibian school) spread the thought of doubting ancient theories and identifying counterfeit records, many classics were ＂restored＂ as myths, and discussions on ＂Jue Di Tian Tong＂ mythology began and gradually grew. The incidents of ＂Jue Di Tian Tong＂ were gradually interpreted as the ＂disconnection of Heaven from Earth,＂ ＂termination of human-god relations,＂ ＂lost paradise,＂ ＂myth about the origin of the universe,＂ etc. In later times, scholars even started coding with the concept of a motif index and created the index item of ＂the myth of the origin of the universe.＂ The motivation of this research arose from curiosity about how ＂Jue Di Tian Tong＂ can be turned into a mythological topic from Chinese classics. How was the extraction and confirmation of the mythological motif, ＂Jue Di Tian Tong,＂ edited and organized during the process of ＂diachronism＂? In a further step, the research also conjectures on the formation and origin of the interpretations of ＂Jue Di Tian Tong's mythology of the origin of the university＂ based on various domestic and foreign scholars, such as ＂Gu Jie-gang＂ and ＂Henri Maspéro,＂ myth theories on＂Jue Di Tian Tong＂ and tries to point out problems like loose interpretations and contradictions in interpretations made by successive researchers when they ＂synthesized＂ all of the ancient illustrations.

並列關鍵字

Lu punishment ； Gushibian (debate on ancient history) ； motif ； myth of the origin of the universe ； the myth of sky ladder

參考文獻

三國吳韋昭(1988)。國語注。上海:上海古籍。

(1983)。景印文淵閣四庫全書。臺北:台灣商務印書館。

清王夫之(1976)。讀通鑒論。臺北:河洛圖書出版社。

清顧炎武(1979)。原抄本日知錄。臺北:文史哲出版社。

清龔自珍(1975)。定盦續集。臺北:河洛圖書。