老子思想的道論及其生命治療之義涵

本文以老子思想的「道」觀念為問題意識，採國學進路與哲學進路為研究方法，探討「道」的理論內涵。本文首先分析天道與道在古典文獻的義涵，進而比較老子之「道」的蘊義，說明道的形而上意義主要理解為價值觀念的依據，此是老子經由批判天下失道，指出回歸大道乃為人道之路向，引導吾人體會道在人世間的價值義，並對「道用」有所體現。而體用關係即反應為道的實踐性，其乃依不禁不塞、無為而無不為、致虛守靜、守柔不爭等工夫，將道的理論與實踐結合，是為老子道論的真理。而且，由「道」而來的理論啟示吾人理解老子哲學具有文化治療學的意義，此可分別由生命哲學與淑世思想，確認老子哲學的道論一方面對治生命實踐的弊病，啟發人們以回歸大道來療癒生命活動的精神失落，另一方面吾人對道的實踐可以回復心靈生命的本真內涵，而使生命保有價值意義的生活實踐的可能。是以本文結論老子的道論做為哲學智慧而言，絕非反對文明進程與否認物質的客觀存在，而是面對世界文明的高度發展與物欲的擴張，提供常保精神生命的契機。

關鍵字

道德經；道體；道用；價值理序；文化治療學；生命哲學；淑世思想

並列摘要

My thesis has several study opinions. First, I illustrate the meaning of Tao by the method of philosophical analysis and Chinese scholarship. Second, I analyze the meaning of Tian-tao（天道）and Tao in Chinese classics, compared to Tao of Laozi, and I point out the metaphysical meaning of Tao as the source of value. Laozi criticizes the loss of Tao in the world and asks humanity to return to the Tao, which signifies the meaning of value of the Tao. It's the practice of Tao. The idea of Taobeing is a practical theory about the skill of ＂toleration and forgiveness＂, ＂unrestricted and unblocked free＂ , ＂doing by not doing＂ , ＂modesty＂ , and ＂soft heartedness＂. Third, I interpret the theory of Tao to therapeutics of culture, which contains the life philosophy and meliorism. The practice of Tao could cure the sick of mind, find the spirit of life, and return one to the authenticity of life. The practice of Tao is the practice of the value of life's meaning. Finally, I conclude that the theory of the Tao of Laozi is philosophical wisdom which would neither object to the progression of civilization nor deny the objective existence of matters but instead remains the spirit of life to the world.