韓國《東文選》中的佛教願文初探

A Preliminary Study of the Buddhist Yuanwen in Tongmunson in South Korea

李映瑾(Ying-jin Lee)

《興大人文學報》 60期 (2018/03) Pp. 93-124

摘要

《東文選》是韓國李朝時期著名的漢文選籍，其中收錄的佛教願文乃是中世紀韓國重要的漢文佛教文獻。韓國佛教願文承襲7至9世紀的中國隋唐五代時期願文形制，以齋會願文之形制為主要書寫格式，文章中呈現出豐富多樣的韓國佛教齋會類目，包括：佛像或寺院落成、寫經完成、祈雨、消災、祝生產、薦亡人、佛畫像或佛造像點眼等，這些功德品項不僅是中世紀韓國佛教徒感謝願望達成的捐資項目，也是印證中國中世紀佛教文化向東傳衍的實證。韓國佛教願文在形制上雖然承襲中國隋唐時期的齋會願文與日本平安朝時期齋會願文之格式樣貌，不過一旦細究便可發現其套語結構部分比起前者簡化許多，幾乎只留下發願的套語，然四六為句、整飭的形式主義特色卻被完整的保存，這也是願文此一文類不管在韓國或是日本，均亦收錄在美文經典文集中的背後主因。此外，從《東文選》中的佛教願文可以見到諸多融合韓國儒家文化與佛教思想的文字紀錄，實可作為探究東亞文化圈中以佛教傳播為途徑所輻射出的漢文化圈之榮景的絕佳材料。本文以韓國《東文選》中的佛教願文篇章為主要研究對象，分析其內容、形制、用途與作者背景及其書寫藝術，希冀透過文獻的分析與整理，窺究與瞭解韓國中世紀佛教願文之發展歷史與經典風貌。

關鍵字

願文 ； 韓國願文 ； 東亞佛教願文 ； 東文選

並列摘要

Tongmunson《東文選》, a famous Chinese collection of literature and ancient records, originated in the Korean Li dynasty. The Yuanwen(願文), found in Tongmuson, is an important Chinese Buddhist text written in Korea in the Middle Ages. The structure of the Korean Yuanwen at that time followed the writing forms of the Chinese Sui, Tang, and the Five Dynasties periods between the 7th and 9th centuries. Chai Huei Yuanwen is the main style of the Korean Yuanwen works during this period. These articles present various activities of Korean Buddhist Chai Huei, including: the construction of Buddhist statues or temples, the writing of Buddhist scriptures, the prayers for rain, the prevention of disasters, the hope for successful pregnancies, the funeral service...etc. These are not only contributions from the medieval Korean Buddhists, but also empirical studies that confirm the transference of Chinese Buddhist culture to the east during the Middle Ages. The structure of the Korean Yuanwen inherited the writing form of Chai Huei Yuanwen in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and also had a similar format to the Yuanwen during the Japanese Heian period. However, the polite formula structure of Korean Yuanwen is simpler than the other ones. What remains of the Korean Yuanwen is its function and form. This is the main reason why Korean Yuanwen is always included in the Japanese and Korean classical collections. Furthermore, we can observe much evidence of the combination of the Korean Confucian culture and Buddhism from the Yuanwen in the Tongmunson and the Eastern literary selections. These are excellent materials for us to explore Buddhism in Eastern Asian cultures. This paper is based on the articles of the Buddhist wish text in the Tongmunson and analyzes its content, form, purpose, author's background, and writing skills. According to analysis and collation of the literature, we can explore and understand the developmental history and classical style of Korean Buddhist wish text in the Middle Ages.

並列關鍵字

Korean Yuanwen ； Buddhist Yuanwen ； Tongmunsŏn

參考文獻

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王民信()。