正念培育歷程初探

A Pilot Study on the Process of Cultivating Mindfulness

鄭雅之(Ya-Chih Cheng) ； 黃淑玲(Shu-Ling Huang)

《中華輔導與諮商學報》 46期 (2016/08) Pp. 63-91

摘要

正念療法已被證實可降低許多不同疾病患者的負向情緒，並在疾病適應與心理健康上有正向成效。過去研究大多侷限於療效及正念運作的模式，因此，本研究旨在探討正念培育的歷程以及阻礙順利培育的各種可能；另也探索作業練習在此培育歷程中所扮演的角色。本研究採質性研究法，以49位參與正念療法之健康成人為研究對象，在正念療法介入中期、結束時與課程結束後一個月等三個時間點，共進行15次焦點團體訪談，資料收集後採內容分析法進行分析。結果發現正念培育歷程約可分為四階段：「正念為何？混淆與期待的磨合期」、「初試正念，處處驚喜」、「正念中，看見另一個我」以及「正念入住」。然而，當成員出現下列狀況時，則可能造成正念培育的阻礙：缺乏正確的正念概念；未親自產生正念的體驗；對正念療法僅有知識上的獲得，把正念當成一種技巧的學習等情形。正念培育期間，「知識獲得」與「經驗體會」同等重要，而作業練習正是提供「經驗體會」與熟悉正念經驗的重要管道。本研究結果能夠協助正念療法帶領者敏銳覺察成員正念培育的進展，且及早辨識並處理團體進行中的阻礙因素，促使所有成員成功培育正念。

關鍵字

心理健康 ； 正念療法 ； 作業練習

並列摘要

Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) integrates meditation, yoga, body scan and some cognitive-behavioral interventions to release pressure and prevent relapse of depression. The positive effects of MBI on reducing negative emotions and improving well-being have been supported. However, research regarding the process of cultivating mindfulness and the role of homework practice in this process is limited. Purpose: the aims of this study were (1) to investigate the processes of cultivating mindfulness successfully and unsuccessfully when MBI was adopted and (2) to explore the role of homework practice in these processes. Method: the study adopted the qualitative research method. Fifteen focus groups (49 adult participants) were conducted at the end of the 4th session and the 8th session, and one month after the completion of MBI. Results: the study found that the process of successfully cultivating mindfulness had four specific steps: being confused at the beginning, gaining benefits during exploration, experiencing changes after MBI, and adopting the attitude of mindfulness in daily life. In the process of successfully cultivating mindfulness, the acquisition of knowledge and the perception of experiences were equally important. Homework practice itself played a key role in experiencing mindfulness and becoming habituated to mindful awareness during the learning course. We also point out when and who might have difficulties with the cultivation of mindfulness. Conclusions: the process of successfully cultivating mindfulness included four steps. In addition, when and who might have difficulties with the cultivation of mindfulness and the benefits of homework practice in the process of successfully cultivating mindfulness were identified. These indicators would enable group facilitators to detect and prevent them as early as possible so that all group members could cultivate their mindfulness successfully.

並列關鍵字

meditation practice ； mental health ； mindfulness-based intervention

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