吉園圃蔬果標章之地理分布與其成因分析

吉園圃標章的目的是要確保我國蔬果的農藥用藥安全，但經過二十多年的推廣，其普及率並不高，因此本文的研究目的是想要透過了解吉園圃標章的地理分布，了解在哪些地區的普及率較低或較高，影響因素為何。過去相關文獻顯示農友在考慮是否申辦農產品標章時，會受到許多因素影響，其中有一些因素是與農友所在的地區相關，例如資訊外溢、社會一致性、生產外部性、及農作物特性等，因此農產品標章應會有地理上群聚的現象。但筆者認為國外相關研究多是從農友或業者的角度出發，在探討臺灣吉園圃標章的地理分布現象時，可能忽略了農會作為從上而下的推廣功能，因此補充了此一研究視角。本文運用空間分析法及深度訪談法來探究臺灣本島吉園圃標章的地理分布情況為何，以及造成如此分布之可能原因，研究結果顯示臺灣吉園圃標章確實有群聚之現象，但各縣市與鄉鎮市之普及率差異很大，主要原因除了過去文獻中的影響因素之外，也證實了農會推廣努力程度之重要性。

關鍵字

食品安全；吉園圃；空間分析；農會

並列摘要

The purpose of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) is to ensure that there is no excess pesticide residue in fruits and vegetables in Taiwan. However, after 20 years of promotion, the penetration rate of GAP is not high. The purpose of this study is to investigate the penetration rates of GAP in different areas, the geographical distribution of the farms participating GAP, and the underlying causes. The past research showed that farmers take many factors into account when considering to apply agricultural labels. Some of the factors are geographically related, such as information spillovers, social coherence, production externality, and agricultural products' characteristics. As a result, the farms with agricultural labels were found to be spatially clustered. Foreign researchers usually study this issue from the perspective of farmers or manufacturers. However, the role of promotion played by farmers' association, which is ignored by foreign scholars, should be included in order to better explain the phenomenon. This paper applies the spatial analysis method and the in-depth interview method to answer the above questions. The results show that the farms with GAP are spatially clustered. But the penetration rates of GAP in different counties, cities, and townships vary widely. In addition to the factors identified in past literature, this study confirms the importance of farmers' associations in promoting GAP.