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民法第二百十三條第三項之增列,對於物以及人格法益損害賠償方法理念之影響

Appendage to Civil Code Article 213, Effects on the Principles of Property and Personal Rights Damage Restoration

摘要


自民法第二百十三條第三項增列之後,「回復原狀」與「金錢賠償」之對應關係,更足以彰顯我國民法在損害賠償方法上所採取的雙軌制。亦即不論就物或人格法益損害之賠償方法而言,仍以民法第二百十三條以下等規定所揭櫫之理念為中心。在此民法第二百十三條乃在於保護被害人(或債權人)之「完整利益」。至於民法第二百十四條以及第二百十五條所保護者,乃是被害客體之「價值利益」。此處所謂「完整利益」之保護,乃係指未有侵害事實時,被害人(或債權人)現時或將來所應處狀態的“回復”,此即為損害賠償責任法上「回復原狀」之真義。至於民法第二百十四條以及第二百十五條所保護的,乃是被害客體之「價值利益」,因為相對應於「回復原狀」之「金錢賠償」,原則上即係物之財產上價值的賠償。在此鑑於人格法益之遭受現實損害本身,原則上未可視之為被害人(或債權人)之財產上損失,從而原則上即無民法第二百十四條以及第二百十五條等規定之適用。此外,民法第一百九十六條乃係作為民法第二百十三條第三項之補充規定,其目的乃在於填補被害客體於修補而“回復”其完整性後,其財產上價值尚無法“回復”其應有狀態所生之損失。同時,有關「以新換舊」之問題,考諸民法第二百十三條第三項之規範精神,亦應將其重點置諸被害客體“回復”後所衍生之效果,而非在於其“回復”之過程。再者,基於人格法益之遭受現實損害,首先亦以「回復原狀」或「嘗試回復原狀」之方法進行賠償,至於無法經由上開方法獲得補償之此等侵害人格法益而生之現實損害,若能符合民法第一百九十五條第一項第一句抑或民法第二百二十七條之一準用民法第一百九十五條第一項第一句所規定之要件者,被害人(或債權人)即得向加害人(或債務人)請求一定金額之慰撫金。

並列摘要


Since the appendage to Civil Code Article 213 Session 3, the corresponding relation between ”restoration of the status quo” and ”monetary compensation” has further illustrated the nation's dual track approach in the area of compensation. Thus in regard to the means of compensation toward property or character, the principle of Civil Code Article 213 takes precedence. Civil Code Article 213 protects the ”full interest” of the injured party, where ”full interest” refers to restoring an injured party to the status quo prior to the injury, essentially upholding the principles of ”restoration” in punitive damage. Civil Codes Article 214 and 215 protect the ”value interest,” thus relative to the notions of ”restoration” and ”monetary compensation” the compensation is measured by the damage to personal property. Taking into account that injuries to character cannot, in principle, be classified as an injury under Civil Codes Article 214 and 215, the statutes are ineffectual. Additionally, Civil Code Article 196 serves to supplement Article 213 Session 3, providing claims of diminution to the value of property, thus achieving full restoration for the injured party. At the same time, when examining the issue of ”replacement,” the principles of Civil Code Article 213 Session 3 focus upon the result of restoration rather than the process. Moreover, damages to character are compensated firstly through restoration to the status quo or attempts of restoration. Where compensation is inadequate for the damage incurred and the case falls under Civil Code Article 195 Session 1 Verse 1 or Article 227, the injured person (or creditor) must claim a specific amount of consolation payment from the offending party (or debtor).

被引用紀錄


陳秋君(2008)。論侵害身分法益之民事責任〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.03193

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