韓國婚姻移民的人權與法律問題

Human Rights and Legal Problems of Korean Marital Immigration

張松青(Song-Qing Zhang)

《中正大學法學集刊》 26期 (2009/05) Pp. 63-91

https://doi.org/10.30094/NCCULJ.200905.0002

摘要

近年來，韓國的國際結婚呈現急遽增加的趨勢，出生於多文化家族內的新生兒的比例也越來越大，韓國已經跨越了所謂的單一民族和純血統的時代，而邁入多文化時代。因婚姻移民中女性占絕大多數，且大部分來自開發中國家等原因，產生了對婚姻移民的偏見和歧視，進而出現了許多侵害婚姻移民人權的現象。很多婚姻移民的人權因國際結婚仲介業所提供的不準確的資訊、人身買賣形態的婚姻仲介等原因在入國之前就受到侵害。很多婚姻移民在無法用韓國語進行交流的狀況下嫁到韓國經濟困難的家庭中來生育子女，因其不穩定的身份等原因遭受家庭暴力，承受著經濟生活和養育子女等多方面的困難。
儘管近年來加強了有關婚姻移民的立法，但是現行的法律規定也有很多不盡完善之處，對婚姻移民的法律和制度上的保護還有諸多需要加以改善的部分。本文主要圍繞著女性婚姻移民來考察婚姻移民中存在的人權問題及其成因。同時考察了與婚姻移民人權問題密切相關的國籍、居留、社會福祉、醫療保健、教育和國際婚姻仲介等法律方面的規定，找出存在的問題，並提出了相關的改善方案等。期待韓國有關婚姻移民人權的立法更好地朝著體現多文化社會要求的方向發展，使婚姻移民的權益得到切實的法律保障。

關鍵字

婚姻移民 ； 國籍 ； KOSIAN ； 國際婚姻仲介 ； 多文化社會

並列摘要

In recent years, the numbers of both international marriages and children born to such unions have been rapidly increasing in Korea. Korea has thus moved from a so-called ＜||＞single-ethic and pure- blood＜||＞ country into its new era of multi-culture. Most of the marriage immigrants are female persons from less-developed countries. Prejudices and discriminations against marital immigrants have caused problems of human right infringements. Before the marriage, false information is often provided by marriage brokers and it may also involve human trafficking. After the marriage, migrant women may suffer from bad language communication, economic difficulties, family violence, unsteady legal status, and problems of child-rearing.
Despite the accelerated legal reforms on marital immigration in recent years, existing laws remain insufficient for the protection of human rights involved in Korean marital immigration. This paper thus aims to discern the incidence and causes of human right problems involved in Korean marital immigration including legal regulations concerning residence, nationality, social welfare, health services, education and marriage intermediary. Analyses and suggestions will follow to propose possible improvements on the protection of human rights. It is expected that the Korean laws on marriage immigration will develop to meet the needs of multi-cultural society in which rights and benefits of marital immigrants will be well protected.

並列關鍵字

marital immigration ； nationality ； KOSIAN ； international marriage intermidiary ； muti-cultiral society