稻稈纖維酒精生命週期評估與產業效益分析

Life Cycle Assessment and Industrial Benefit Analysis of Rice Straw Cellulosic Ethanol

江長周(Chang-Chou Chiang) ； 林師模(Shih-Mo Lin) ； 李正文(Cheng-Wen Lee)

《農業與資源經濟》 8卷1期 (2011/06) Pp. 91-114

https://doi.org/10.29796/ARE.201106.0004

摘要

本文之目的在於對稻稈纖維酒精進行生命週期評估與產業效益分析。以往被視為廢棄物之稻稈，被用來當作製造成纖維酒精之原料時，從原料的取得、製造到消費整個過程中，其投入與產出對環境之影響為本文的重點之一，其中最重要之指標，莫過於分析是否稻稈纖維酒精從製造到消費可以使二氧化碳之排放減量。本文分兩種方案分析，方案一為盤查包含稻株種植階段；方案二則為盤查不包含稻株種植階段。方案一的評估結果顯示生產稻稈纖維酒精，不能達到二氧化碳減排之效果，同時能源之淨投入為負；而方案二的評估結果則顯示生產稻稈纖維酒精，可以達到二氧化碳減排之效果，且能源之淨投入為正。在產業效益分析方面，由於國內纖維酒精之生產成本約為國外玉米或甘蔗生質酒精成本之二倍以上，經濟上不具競爭性。而且受限於國內耕地面積不足以及WTO的規範，國內無法擴大稻米耕種面積，更進一步限制了纖維酒精產業的發展，但由於我國在國際上算是在稻稈纖維酒精之研究上較早投入，技術上可望較為成熟，縱使因農業經濟因素影響國纖維酒精產業之發展，整廠技術輸出到國外設廠，再將纖維酒精回銷國內是另一個可考慮的選擇。

關鍵字

稻稈 ； 纖維酒精 ； 生命週期評估 ； 產業效益

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to analyze the benefit of rice straw cellulosic ethanol to the industry and evaluate the influence of rice straw cellulosic ethanol to environment using life cycle assessment approach. We would like to see if the emission of CO2 can be reduced throughout the whole process of producing and consuming rice straw cellulosic ethanol. Two scenario analyses were performed. The analysis of scenario 1 includes the stage of cultivating rice while scenario 2 does not include the stage. The result of the analysis of scenario 1 shows that the goal of the deduction of the emission of CO2 cannot be achieved. On the other hand, reducing the emission of CO2 is possible for the analysis of scenario 2. The cost-benefit analysis shows that the production cost of rice straw cellulosic ethanol in Taiwan is too high, about twice as high as the cost of related product produced in other countries. It cannot compete with corn or sugarcane ethanol produced abroad. Furthermore, because of the insufficiency of cultivated land and the regulation of WTO, it is unlikely to increase the area for cultivating rice. This limits the development of rice straw cellulosic ethanol in Taiwan furthermore.

並列關鍵字

Rice Straw ； Cellulosic Ethanol ； LCA ； Industrial Benefit