失智概念認知調查與老人團體照護模式之探討

隨著經濟發展，人口逐漸高齡化，導致失智或不能自立老人增多，照顧需求倍感殷切。政府對失智老人照護方面，尚無妥適的對策，而被輿論指為：照護無人性，生活依然在黯淡無尊嚴中，虛度無意義日子，而不能回歸從前的生活。據行政院主計處2000年統計輕、中、重度失能老人共有20萬餘人之多。失智症在目前的醫療領域是無法痊癒，且會持病三至二十年，大多數是漸進且致命的，家族為了照顧親人，感受莫大的壓力，精神常瀕臨崩潰，其嚴重性更甚於癌症。研究目的：調查具有照護經驗的成人及老人對於失智症概念及新型照護模式的認知程度；另一方面就外國成功的照護模式「團體照護」(Group home)探討在台灣的適用性，並提出建議。研究方法：藉由訪員面對面解說進行結構式問卷調查，以有照護失智老人經驗者為主要研究對象，共42位，年齡介於26-90歲，研究期間為民國92年7月至10月。研究結果：受訪者對於「團體照護模式益於失智老人」以尊嚴為照護重點之論點平均認同率為89.6%，其中以中高學歷組認同率最高，而「團體照護」(Group care)在台灣目前的適用性及相關意見可歸納為下列：（一）尚有近三成的受訪者對失智症認知不足，受訪者對於老人失智症的原因及會出現問題行為並不甚了解，或是不相信失智症會不定時發作、無法痊癒，（二）尊嚴照護模式理念贊成，推行則不急，（三）目前國內照護機制及責任模糊，亟待釐定。

關鍵字

失智老人；團體照護；尊嚴

並列摘要

Today, whole world face severe circumstance of long-term care. It is a challenge and a future focus to government to support good quality of care for elders with dementia. The purposes of this study were to investigate the recognition of the elders to, to evaluate the appropriateness of the service model of Group Home adapted in Taiwan. The present study recruited 42 subjects who had caregiving experiences for elders with dementia. A structural questionnaire was conducted by face to face interviewed in this study. Results from this study demonstrated that most respondents (89.6%) agreed with the service model of Group Home, particular in people with high level of educational degree. There were nearly thirty percent of respondents lacking of adequate knowledge of dementia, while they were also not familiar with the current long term care system. The present study highlights many important issues that the future long term care polities should be oriented in Taiwan.