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紐西蘭身心障礙者社會福利與醫療照護政策分析
A Snapshot of Health Care and Welfare Services for People with Disabilities in New Zealand
摘要
身心障礙議題在紐西蘭受到高度重視，舉凡人權、社會福利、醫療衛生及社區照顧等，根據紐西蘭人權委員會於2006年的報告指出在所有歧視申訴案件中，「身心障礙」所佔的比例最高，許多身心障礙者因為本身身體功能限制或社會適應困難以致於在就學、就業或其他社會參與事務中遭到歧視，以致於其人權遭到侵害。本文主要目的為分析紐西蘭身心障礙醫療衛生與社會福利相關資料，尤其根據紐西蘭於西元2001年時實施全國身心障礙普查結果做一綜合性描述，最後並敘述現階段主要挑戰與對台灣的啟示等。結果顯示紐西蘭政府有效的整合身心障礙服務策略，具體的勾劃身心障礙服務藍圖，各部會根據此策略原則提出「身心障礙醫療服務年度計畫」送交社會發展部身心障礙辦公室，以進行身心障礙各項服務統合，他們對身心障礙醫療衛生與各項服務的整合是值得我國借鏡；此外對於身心障礙者各項需求評估的調查，是有效的實證決策制定的參考，透過服務落差的界定，找出未來政府應該著重的焦點。身心障礙特殊群體的服務型態與特性更是他們施政的重點，有效的掌握毛利人土著與太平洋偏遠居民的服務概況，更是保障他們健康權益的基礎。最後紐西蘭政府在邁入新世紀更以公平、照護與同理心、及時反應需求與品質為原則，規劃全民的醫療照護政策，以保障民眾健康權益。
並列摘要
The main purpose of the present paper is to exam the current health care and welfare services for people with disabilities in New Zealand, to give practical suggestions to Taiwan authorities. The author also introduces the 2001 New Zealand Disability Survey, the second national survey on disability conducted by Statistics New Zealand, providing an overview of disability in New Zealand. The results show that one in five New Zealanders has a disability and disability increases with age. New Zealand Disability Strategy (NZDS) which coordinated by the Ministry of Social Development’s Office for Disability Issues currently initiated a comprehensive health and welfare services for people with disabilities. The NZDS provides information for evidence-based decision making to identify the unmet needs of services for people with disabilities. Finally, the New Zealand government suggests the development of future health and welfare services for people with disabilities should based on the principles of fairness, care & compassion, responsiveness and quality.