智能障礙者健康生活型態樣貌

生活型態對健康的影響甚鉅，近年來國外許多研究紛紛探討智能障礙者的健康生活型態（身體活動、營養、吸菸和酒精），然而國內普遍缺乏相關研究，亟需關切智能障礙者於健康生活型態的相關議題上。由於智能障礙者大多數伴隨其他疾病或合併障礙，導致他們面臨在從事健康生活型態時的困難性。本文以文獻回顧方式，探討智能障礙者身體活動、營養失衡、吸菸和酒精的盛行狀況及危險因素，並尋找未來研究與方案介入面向。許多研究結果發現，智能障礙者相較於一般人是有較高的身體不活動比率及飲食攝取不均衡情形（脂肪類攝取過高），然而在吸菸與飲酒等不良健康行為比率則較低；而影響此群體不利健康生活型態的因素，包含有性別、年齡、障礙程度、目前健康狀態和居住型態等，不健康的生活型態是罹患慢性疾病的危險重要因素之一，應該受到重視與尋求解決之道。最後建議未來研究重點將可針對尚未明確的因素，如醫療和社會之資源可近性與能用性、社經地位和個人生活型態習慣等因素，則需要再進一步探究。

關鍵字

生活型態；智能障礙；身體活動；健康行為

並列摘要

The lifestyle has vital influence toward the health of people with intellectual disabilities. Recently, most studies in western countries have focused on investigating on the healthy lifestyle, such as physical activity, nutrition, smoking and alcohol of persons with an intellectual disability gradually. However, there are fewer published references related to healthy lifestyle among people with intellectual disabilities in Asian countries where included Taiwan. Healthy lifestyle is the foundation of quality of life for people with intellectual disabilities. The present paper aims to explore healthy lifestyle of people with intellectual disabilities based on the current literature review, to suggest the future research direction and health promotion initiatives. Many studies indicate the prevalence rate of physical inactivity among people with intellectual disabilities was much higher than in the general population and they were inclining to be poorer nutrition status (too much fat intake). However, the smoking and alcohol drinking rates are lower than the general population. The possible determinants of unhealthy lifestyle were associated with gender, age, disability level, general health status and living residence settings. Those unhealthy lifestyles are always resulted in several chronic diseases and decreasing quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities. We suggest the future studies needed to understand the relation of unhealthy lifestyles and health in Taiwan to clarify the influence of factors of medical/social care availabilities, socio-economic status or personal characteristics toward health of people with intellectual disabilities.