以國際法觀點論各國劃設防空識別區之爭議問題

防空識別區並非一新名詞，自1950 年起即由美國聯合加拿大所率先劃設，各國劃設的防空識別區，就國際法而言，雖不禁止但也無明確規範，其與領空、飛航情報區的性質與概念顯未相同，防空識別區主要係一國單方面依自身安全需要所劃定他國航空器進入其領空前的緩衝空域，其目的乃作為預警及攔截具有敵意之航空器，早在中共劃定東海防空識別區之前，全球包括美國、加拿大、挪威、英國、義大利、法國、冰島、日本、韓國、菲律賓、越南及我國等二十餘國劃定防空識別區，歷年各國所劃定之範圍多不受其他國家所承認，對於重疊部分多以透過協商或外交宣示方式處理，防空識別區重疊問題的解決植基於領土爭議的釐清，除非領土爭議先行獲得解決，否則重疊問題仍難突破，而其所衍生的國際飛航安全與區域和平亦難期保障。

關鍵字

國際法；防空識別區；飛航情報區；領空；禁航區；飛越自由；預防性自衛；攔截；芝加哥公約；習慣國際法

並列摘要

The Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) is not a new concept. It was first established by the United States in 1950 when it created a joint North American ADIZ with Canada. There are many countries operating ADIZs and such zones are not prohibited by international law, in fact, it has no explicit basis at all in international law. ADIZ is quite different from territorial airspace and flight information region (FIR) in concept of legal. It is unilaterally set up by State for the purpose of protecting its self by means of an early warning or intercept potentially unfriendly aircraft. It's essentially a buffer zone outside a country's sovereign airspace. There are about 20 nations such as United States, Canada, Norway, the UK, Italy, France, Iceland, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Vietnam that have established ADIZs before PRC claims in November 2013. Most of the overlapping ADIZs disputes are being settled by diplomacy. The overlapping ADIZs problem is based upon settlement of territorial disputes over lands. Unless the territorial dispute was resolved we can hardly to break through the impasse and expected to keep international aviation safety and regional peace.

並列關鍵字

International Law ； Air Defense Identification Zone ； Flight Information Region ； Sovereign Airspace ； No-Fly Zone ； Freedom of Overflight ； Anticipatory Self-Defence ； Interception ； Chicago Convention ； Customary International Law