歐盟食物捐贈的規範與實踐－兼論對台灣之啟示

食品捐贈乃針對在食物生產鏈被丟棄或浪費的食物，經由處理再分配給有需求者。食物捐贈可以減少糧食損失及廚餘等問題，提高生產效率及資源有效使用，避免糧食及資源浪費，乃是歐盟循環經濟之一項重要內涵及策略，並且符合2015年聯合國永續發展目標。食品捐贈亦可增進社會福祉，並提高糧食安全。在歐盟綠色新政下，食物捐贈將扮演更加重要的角色。本文研究方法主要採取法律釋義法及政策分析法，針對歐盟食物捐贈之建制及實踐，從事法律解釋及政策分析。研究內容及主要議題包括：食物捐贈的概念與功能、歐盟食物捐贈的發展背景、法律架構、主管機關、政策工具、政策操作及實踐、歐盟食物捐贈的意涵、特徵、成效、影響、在某些會員國的實踐，以及對我國的啟示等。針對我國食物捐贈之建制、法律及政策從事比較研究，並提出一些建議，供我國參考，以改革並精進我國食物捐贈制度。

關鍵字

食物捐贈；廚餘；循環經濟；歐盟食物捐贈指引；歐盟食物損失與浪費交流平台；台灣食物銀行法草案

並列摘要

Food donation is a process for the redistribution of food waste in the food production chain. Food donation therefore can reduce the scale of the food waste problem, and enhance production efficiency. Food waste is not only a moral and economic issue, but also negatively impacts the environment, the eco-system, and social welfare, etc. To address the food waste problem, the EU adopted food donation policy as a key element of the circular economy. Food donation is also consistent with Goal 12.3 of 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development, and plays a significant role under the EU Green Deal. Based on legal interpretations and policy analysis, this paper reviews EU food donation law and policy, and their implications for Taiwan. The issues covered include: the concept and function of food donation, the EU food donation system, jurisprudence, the competent authorities, policies, significances, challenges and practices in some Member States as well as the implication on Taiwan. The EU system is compared with the food donation system in Taiwan, and some proposals are offered for reforming Taiwan's law to enhance food donation system and social welfare, and contribute to Taiwan's circular economy and sustainable development.