探討傳統智慧創作與商標法適用問題

A Study on Traditional Intellectual Creations of Indigenous Peoples and Trademark Law

林孟玲(Lin, Christine Meng-Ling)

《輔仁法學》 64期 (2022/12) Pp. 165-203

摘要

原住民族傳統文化成果表達之保護，起源於西方殖民主義一連串不名譽的剽竊事件，發生於全球各地而引起的反動。我國原住民族傳統智慧創作遭到誤用或濫用的例子，也時有所聞。舉例而言：電影公司打算將著名電影「賽德克．巴萊」作為商標加以註冊，並使用於商品之銷售，一開始獲得智慧財產局之核准，但經由賽德克族異議，認為損及賽德克族名的神聖性而引發爭議。原住民族傳統智慧創作保護條例之制定，對於保護原住民族傳統智慧創作、文化成果之表達有顯著貢獻；傳智條例的落實，有賴於已經在進行中的傳統智慧創作之登記，以及未來有關智慧創作專用權之授權、侵權、原住民族主張智慧創作專用權等一連串關於權利主張與實現的過程。本研究目的有二。一、著眼於傳統智慧創作登記之後，未來商標申請人如果以含有原住民族文化表達元素的商標申請註冊時，所可能產生之傳智條例與商標法第30條第1項第7款與第8款之商標註冊消極要件適用問題。其二，尚未登記之傳統智慧創作也可能為商標申請人用以申請為商標註冊，此時智財局應如何處理？本文以比較法研究，以紐西蘭2002年商標法為借鏡，研究其規範依據與內涵，提供我國商標法修法之參考。

關鍵字

原住民族 ； 傳統智慧創作 ； 傳智條例 ； 商標權 ； 商標消極註冊要件 ； 紐西蘭商標法 ； 諮詢義務

並列摘要

A series of events involving traditional indigenous intellectual creations that were misappropriated by Western colonialism has highlighted the need for the protection of these items. Similar cases have also arisen in Taiwan, for example the movie Seediq Bale describes how the Seediq indigenous people fought against the Japanese during the Japanese colonial period. The movie company intended to register Seediq Bale as a trademark to promote commercial products unrelated to tribal culture. Initially the Intellectual Property Office of Taiwan approved the application, however the Seediq people, with the support of the Council of Indigenous Peoples, later claimed the trademark application offended the holy meaning of their tribal name. This case demonstrates the importance of protecting traditional indigenous intellectual creations. The Protection Act for Traditional Intellectual Creations of Indigenous Peoples greatly contributes to the protection of indigenous cultural expressions, and promotes native culture. So far tribes continue registering their traditional intellectual creations. After they gain their intellectual creation exclusivity right, they can claim if there is an infringement in the future. On the other hand, if the trademark applicant tries to register his trademark related to indigenous cultural expression according to Trademark Act, there will be a possible conflict between The Protection Act for Traditional Intellectual Creations of Indigenous Peoples and Trademark Act. Secondly, unregistered traditional intellectual creations are also possibly registered as trademarks. The goal of this article is to discuss and analyze these possible issues in the future. This study will firstly address the dispute caused by the protection between traditional intellectual creations of indigenous peoples. Second, the author will analyze the relationship between registration of traditional intellectual creations of indigenous peoples and Article 30 Paragraph 1 Subparagraphs 7 and 8. Finally, the article will research New Zealand Trade Marks Act as a comparative study while there have been many similar experiences that happened in New Zealand, and hopefully will make a contribution to a possible amendment of the Trademark Act in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

indigenous peoples ； traditional intellectual creations ； The Protection Act for the Traditional Intellectual Creations of Indigenous Peoples ； trademark right ； trademark negative element ； New Zealand Trademark Law ； duty to consult

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