客語雙及物結構之構式搭配分析：以《阿啾箭个故鄉》為例

本文採構式搭配分析法，區辨客語雙及物結構各變換句式中動詞和構式的搭配強度，主要發現如下：（一）雙賓A式偏好表給予之動詞，主要表物體或訊息之轉移；（二）除「送」之外，介賓補語式中達統計顯著之動詞皆為轉移前提，顯示此式主要表獲取物品後之轉移；（三）語料庫中唯一同時出現在此二式的動詞是「分」，區辨性搭配詞位分析顯示「分」偏好雙賓A式；（四）給予目的句式之共同變化搭配詞位分析找出了搭配強度較強的前後兩個動詞，結果顯示其第一個動詞主要表轉移之前提，第二個動詞則表轉移之目的。這些結論無法單由各句式中動詞出現頻率的高低決定，若要避免高頻詞效應，在界定構式語意和特點時，需考慮個別動詞在整體語料庫之分布。

關鍵字

客語；雙及物結構；構式搭配分析；搭配強度

並列摘要

To see the interaction of lexemes and grammatical constructions associated with them, this paper examines the ditransitive constructions in Hakka in terms of collostructional analysis. The major findings are as follows. First, the V slot in the Type A double object construction prefers verbs of giving. This construction is mainly used to express transfer of objects or verbal messages. Second, except for sung^3 'to give as a present', all the verbs statistically significantly preferred in the V slot of the dative construction express precondition of transfer. Third, the only verb that surfaces in the two constructions mentioned above is bun^1 'to give'. The distinctive collexeme analysis shows that bun^1 significantly prefers the former. Fourth, the most strongly associated covarying-collexeme pairs in the give-purposive construction instantiate a relationship between precondition and purpose of transfer. These findings show that raw co-occurrence frequencies are not an ideal measure of association strength. To avoid high frequency effect of function words, the overall frequencies of a given word in the corpus and the exact nature of a given syntactic configuration should be taken into consideration.