A Social-Psychological Perspective on Appropriate Environmental Behavior: Test of an Integrated Model

從社會心理學觀點探究適切性環境行為模式

許毅璿(Yi-Hsuan Hsu)

《環境教育研究》 7卷2期 (2010/03) Pp. 39-74

https://doi.org/10.6555/JEER.7.2.039

摘要

跨科際整合的研究趨勢已被視為解決現今環境問題的重點方向。尤其面對日益複雜的環境議題，多方科學皆極力發展其各自領域對環境的關切，然而，當就單一應用科學學門（如自然資源管理、環境教育、野生動物保育及森林等）企圖解釋人類行為與環境的交互關係時，對於這項複雜關係的理解惟恐會有偏頗或障礙。所以，無論從任何單一研究學門涉入，如欲更精確探究個體環境行為之動態，將基礎理論如社會－心理學觀點納入考量是有必要的。因此，本研究乃結合社會、心理與行為研究理論，探討個體選擇環境行為的傾向；並且針對一概念性行為模式進行測試，最終期能發展出一套適用於台灣社會文化的「適切性環境行為模式」。本研究以台北市三所大學的學生為調查對象（236/300=78.7%，有效問卷回收率），並採用課堂隨意取樣方式進行問卷調查；其中設計七項主要變數因子作為測量依據，包括：人口變數、社會信念、個人特質、自我意識的行動障礙（含內、外在）、環境態度、自我意識的行動效能，以及適切環境行為。研究結果發現，在五項不同類別的環境行為當中（包括：資源回收與廢棄物處理、能源與水資源保護、交通與空氣污染改善、自然資源管理、社會和政治行為），能源與水資源保護之相關行為在學生日常生活中的採行最為適切；反之，社會和政治行為表現最為薄弱。並且，此一社會－心理－行為模式對環境行為的總解釋量高達61%；這也說明，行為模式中所含的變數因子，對於環境行為具有顯著的預測能力。

關鍵字

社會－心理學觀點 ； 適切性環境行為 ； 環境教育 ； 負責任環境行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine a culturally adaptive model involving appropriate patterns of environmental behavior in Taiwan. In the model, the underlying social and psychological factors that serve as determinants impacting individuals' attitudinal responses toward tendencies of appropriate environmental behavior were assessed. Data was randomly acquired through 300 student samples by the questionnaire instrument, and 236 copies were found usable. Seven major scales of variables were measured: socio-demographic characteristics, societal beliefs, personality, perceived external and internal barriers to action, environmental attitudes, perceived selfefficacy toward action, and appropriate environmental behavior. Results indicated that the behavior involving energy and water conservation (EW) was consistently rated as the most important and appropriate category of environmental behavior, whereas social and political actions (SP) was viewed as the least favorable behavior by the respondents in Taiwan. In addition, combing the effects derived from the social psychological determinants, a total of 61% of the variance was explained for the model as a whole.

並列關鍵字

social-psychological perspectives ； appropriate environmental behavior ； environmental education ； responsible environmental behavior

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