- 期刊
A novel proton transfer model of the closed equilibrium system H_2O-CO_2-CaCO_3-NH_X
摘要
Variation in the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide [CO_2]_W causes changes in the solubility of limestone and in the pH of an equilibrium system. An elevation of the pH will shift the equilibrium of the reversible reaction NH_4^+ ⇌ NH_3 + H^+ towards the formation of free ammonia (NH_3). This results in the inhibition of the activity of microorganisms that perform the biological waste- and reject-water treatment. The model of the system H_2O-(CO_2)_w-CaCO_3 was upgraded on the basis of proton transfer principles and taken as the basis for modelling the closed system H_2O-(CO_2)_w-CaCO_3-NH_4Cl. The distribution of ions and molecules in the closed system H_2O-(CO_2)_w-CaCO_3-NH_x is described in terms of a structural scheme. A novel proton transfer model was developed to calculate the pH, concentrations of the formed ions and molecules, and proton transfer parameters of the closed equilibrium system using an iteration method. In the formation of the equilibrium system H_2O-(CO_2)_w-CaCO_3, as a result of the dissolution of CaCO_3, the CO_3^(2-) ions are released and these will accept a certain quantity of protons (Δ[H^+]_(CO_3^(2-))), which originate from two sources: the reversible dissociation of water (Δ[H^+]_(H_2O)) or H_2CO_3 (Δ[H^+]_(H_2CO_3)), which is the product of the reaction between H_2O and (CO_2)_(W0). In case the final closed system H_2O-(CO_2)_w-CaCO_3-NH_4Cl includes small initial concentrations of [CO_2]_(W0), the main amount of protons (Δ[H^+]_(NH_4^+)) comes from the dissociation of NH_4^+, or if there are higher concentrations of [CO_2]_(W0), the source of protons is H_2CO_3 (Δ[H^+] _(H_2CO_3)). The developed models were experimentally validated.
延伸閱讀
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