- 期刊
現象圖學－描述人類經驗之方法學
Phenomenography-A Research Approach of Describing Human Experience
摘要
現象圖學是一門質性研究法，試圖去描述以及建構人們用來經驗、概念化、感受以及瞭解其生活週遭各種現象的方式，直到1970年時才被一群瑞典學者應用於一連串教育相關的研究上，現在也廣泛的被使用於教育之外，如健康照護及資訊科技等不同領域的研究中。現象圖學不同於現象學一般是一種哲學的學派，而是應用實用主義的方法學去進行質性研究。各種研究結果，除了提供各種概念的認知外，也可作為課室教學內容與策略的參考，以及健康照護的應用。本文將透過介紹現象圖學的崛起與發展、現象圖學的假設、現象圖學的研究結果之呈現、以及現象圖學在健康相關領域應用的狀況，強調現象圖學研究法在了解人類經驗的意涵，以建立起現象圖學研究法在國內研究領域的發展。
並列摘要
Phenomenography is a qualitative research methodology aiming to describe people's experiences, conceptions and understandings of phenomena in the world around them. A group of Swedish researchers undertook a series of educational research, are the pioneers in the development of phenomenographic research approach. Beside a wide use of phenomenography in educational research, disciplines including health care and informatics have begun to realize the usefulness and contribution of phenomenography to research eliciting the way people explain their understandings of phenomena. Phenomenography adopts a pragmatic approach in conducting qualitative research, which differs from phenomenology underpinned by a basis of philosophical discipline. The outcome of phenomenographic research not only assists understanding of phenomena in the world including health care phenomena, but also facilitates health care professionals in teaching and patient care. This paper aims to introduce some theoretical aspects of phenomenography including, first the origin and development of phenomenography, second its ontological and epistemological underpinnings, third the findings of phenomenographic research as categories of description and outcome space, and fourth the application of phenomenographic research in the health care arenas. Last but not the least, this paper provides a brief introduction of phenomenography highlighting its uniqueness and significance as a qualitative research methodology when exploring people's experiences.