書法藝術中的文字學

文字學主要是研究文字形體之起源與變遷的一門學問，書法則是透過文字的書寫以表現審美價值的一種藝術。書法藝術與文字學都以中國文字的形體為關注的對象。唯書法藝術與文字學在漢代各自確立之後，二者乃逐漸分流；尤其南北朝時期，作書者不講究文字學，成為有識者之深憂。其間雖有如王愔者流在所著《文字志》書中將文字學與書體、書家並談；但書法藝術與文字學分流終究為中國書法史發展的主要趨勢。近代以來，書家們更是鮮少留意文字之學。本文旨在探討文字學對於書法藝術可能發揮的功用。共分為六大段落─第一段「前言」，敘述本文寫作之緣起與研究之旨趣。第二段「書法藝術與文字學合一的看法」，匯集前賢主張書法藝術與文字學合一的言論，並略作演繹。第三段「顏魯公結合文字學與書法藝術」，簡單介紹顏真卿之父系與母系之家世，並根據《干祿字書》之見解，舉〈麻姑山仙壇記〉中十個例字，探討魯公如何結合文字學以從事書法藝術之創作。第四段「文字學對書法藝術之重要性」，根據上引前賢主張書法藝術與文字學合一的言論，以及顏魯公結合文字學與書法藝術之成功案例，歸納出文字學對於書法藝術的五項功能。第五段「『書法文字學』的內涵」，針對書法藝術所需之文字學專業知識，提出「書法文字學」之構想，並建議該學科所涵蓋的內容。第六段「結語」，對於將文字學重新納入書學的範疇，抱持期待。

關鍵字

文字構成；書學；書法文字學

並列摘要

Liang Chi-chao (1873~1929) was concerned about the rise and fall of his country and people in all his life, and was concerned about the elevation of the quality of citizens. He believed that the creation of new citizens will result in a new system, a new government, and a new country. His transformation of the national personality and the presentation of new thoughts were indeed not an instant inspiration but through a long process of thinking and construction. It not only exposed the mean nature of the people, beating the origin of the nature and explaining the necessity of a new citizen and a new country, but exhibited the design of an ideal personality and his exploration of creating a citizen and a new country. This article thinks that his thoughts of a new citizen with a transformed personality has been changing with innovative ideas through different stages - the Wei-sin National System Transformation, traveling eastwards to Japan, a travel to new mainland, and his political career and teaching career in the era of the ROC. From the perspective of collective consciousness, his thoughts has been shifted from an admiration of ”Gongyang third generation,” to nationalism, and to world nationalism. In addition, in terms of a new citizen, his thoughts have been changed from preservation of a nation and its seed to competition in this world, and then to bearing responsibilities of the world culture. Therefore, we point out that our understanding of his thoughts of a new citizen with a transformed personality should extend from the theory of a new citizen presented in Sinmingchungbao to its constant evolution, expansion, deepening, and renewing.