國小教師嗓音障礙調查

Voice Disorders among Elementary School Teachers in Taipei City

廖國翔(Kao-Hsiang Liao) ； 王泰隆(Tyrone Wang) ； 張欣平(Hsin-Pin Chang)

《北市醫學雜誌》 2卷4期 (2005/04) Pp. 342-347

https://doi.org/10.6200/TCMJ.2005.2.4.04

摘要

目的：國小教師因職業需求，為嗓音障礙之高危險群。嗓音異常，除影響言語溝通，也可能造成咽喉或身體不適，但針對此特定族群，尚未有大規模嗓音障礙相關調查，於是本科便由鄰近的士林區開始進行研究。方法：對士林區所有國小，共十九所，約一千四百位教師進行問卷調查。結果：(1)問卷回收共871人，回收率約為62.2%(2)回應的教師中，35.8%常有或持續有嗓音問題，只有6.6%從來沒有嗓音問題(3)嗓音問題造成的症狀，以話說多喉嚨會乾緊痛(62.0%)及話說多會沙啞(44.7%)，這些功能性嗓音障礙出現比率較高，持續性沙啞則有8.9%(4)47.4%的老師常被嗓音問題所造成咽喉或其他身體不適困擾(5)18.4%的老師曾因嗓音問題請假(6)9.4%的老師表示有聲帶結節，1.3%有聲帶息肉，5.9%確定沒有聲帶病灶，但有83.2%的老師從沒有檢查過聲帶，不知道是否有聲帶病灶。常有或持續有嗓音問題的324位老師中，23.5%檢查過聲帶，76.5%從來沒有檢查過。結論：依本研究結果估計，約有1/3的國小教師常有嗓音問題，大多是使用過度及不當之功能性嗓音障礙，而約1/10有聲帶病灶，如結節或息肉。約有1/5的老師曾因嗓音問題而需請假。嗓音問題與授課年資、不良說話習慣、上課環境噪音以及緊張型性格特質皆有關係。

關鍵字

國小教師 ； 嗓音障礙 ； 問卷調查

並列摘要

Objectives: Elementary school teachers are at high risk of voice disorders. These disorders not only affect verbal communication, but also produce discomfort in the throat and the body. Since there have been no related studies on this subject, a survey was conducted in public elementary schools of the Shilin distinct of Taipei City. Methods: A standardized questionnaire was distributed to all teachers, approximately 1,400 in number, of the nineteen public elementary schools in Shilin distinct. Results: (1) There were 871 replies giving a response rate of 62.2%. (2) Of the 871 teachers responded, 35.8% had frequent or persisted voice problems. Only 6.6% claimed that they had never experienced any voice problems. (3) The most frequent voice problems are: dryness, tightness, and throat pain after excessive talk (62.0%); and easy fatigue of the voice (44.7%). Both are symptoms related to the hyperfunctional voice disorder. Of the respondents, 8.9% suffered from persistent hoarseness. (4) Among the responding teachers, 47.4% frequently suffered from a voice disorder associated throat or other bodily discomfort. (5) Of the respondents, 18.9% had at some time taken sick leave due to a voice problem. (6) In total, 9.4% of the respondents had vocal nodules, 1.3% had vocal polyps, and 5.9% were sure that they had normal vocal folds. However, 83.2% did not know if they have vocal fold lesions, since their vocal folds have never been checked. Even among the 312 teachers who suffered frequent or persisted vocal problems, only 23.5% had had their vocal fold checked. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, we estimate that 1/3 of elementary school teachers in Taipei have a significant voice disorders. Most of them suffer from hyperfunctional voice disorder, but 1/10 of them have benign vocal fold lesions, such as vocal nodules or polyps. Approximately 1/5 of them can be expected to take sick leave due to a voice problem. The number of years in teaching, voice abuse and misuse, excessive environment noise, and an anxiety type personality are all risk factors for the occurrence of voice disorders.

並列關鍵字

elementary school teachers ； voice disorder ； questionnaire survey