不寧腿症候群

不寧腿症候群為神經障礙疾患，肢體深層組織會出現類似蟲咬蟻爬或燒灼刺痛之不適感，在肢體休息或睡眠時症狀加劇，需藉由移動肢體以獲得緩解，致影響睡眠品質。依致病機轉分類為原發性及續發性不寧腿症候群，原發性與遺傳基因分子中三核酸的不穩定擴展有關，續發性則與懷孕、缺鐵性貧血、缺乏葉酸及巴金森氏症等有關。治療藥物包括多巴胺類、苯重氮基鹽類、鴉片類及抗癲癇類。護理措施旨在提供有效睡眠策略、補充鐵質照護、養成規律運動及心理照護，以緩減症狀發生頻率及嚴重度。期藉此篇文獻回顧，協助醫護人員認識不寧腿症候群之歷史發展、致病機轉、症狀與診斷標準及相關醫護處置措施，以助於早期辨識疾病，提供照護措施，提升生活品質。

關鍵字

不寧腿症候群；失眠；生活品質

並列摘要

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a neurological movement disorder. Patients suffer from paresthesia and dysaesthesia in the deep t issues of the extremities, including sensations of creeping, crawling, tingling, cramping and burning, tension pains, stabbing pains, growing pains and itching. The symptoms are worse during rest or sleep and are relieved by movement; importantly, RLS affects quality of sleep. RLS can be classified as primary or secondary based on the pathophysiological mechanism. Primary RLS is a genetic disorder that is related to an expansion of a trinucleotide repeat sequence and secondary RLS is associated with pregnancy, iron deficiency, folate deficiency, and Parkinson's disease. Medical treatments include dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, opioids and anticonvulsants. Nursing interventions are aimed at promoting effective strategies for improving sleep, the development of an appropriate exercise regime, supplementation with iron and appropriate foods, and psychological care to alleviate the severity and frequency of the symptoms. This article should aid professional health providers by improving their understanding of RLS in terms of its history, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, medical treatment, and nursing intervention. Moreover, it should also help to improve the quality of life of sufferers by aiding early identification, treatment, and nursing care.

並列關鍵字

restless leg syndrome ； insomnia ； quality of life

國際替代計量

不寧腿症候群

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