醫院型家庭責任醫師制度中受訪視老人之營養狀況

Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Hospital-based Accountable Family Physicians System

林宜芬(Yi-Fen Lin) ； 陳美如(Mei-Ju Chen) ； 藍玉芬(Yu-Fen Lan) ； 李貞慧(Chen-Hui Lee)

《北市醫學雜誌》 13卷2期 (2016/06) Pp. 162-171

https://doi.org/10.6200/TCMJ.2016.13.2.06

摘要

目的：高齡者營養不良為多因素健康問題，包括生理、社會與經濟等因素，且為一持續且緩慢的過程。本研究目的：為瞭解居家高齡者營養不良、飲食攝取狀況與生活狀況之相關性。方法：本研究為次級資料庫分析，資料收集係由醫療團隊到宅訪視建立，訪查內容包含基本資料、體位測量及迷你營養評估量表(MNA)等，統計分析方法為描述性統計、卡方檢定、積差相關分析與多元線性迴歸分析。結果：資料庫中曾接受營養評估之個案共計186位，55.9%具正常營養狀況、36.0%具營養不良危險性、8.1%為營養不良。營養不良指標分數、飲食攝取狀況「每天是否攝取乳製品」、「每週是否攝取兩份以上豆蛋類」及「每天是否攝取兩份以上蔬果」項目，分別在行動能力及生活能力組間具顯著差異性。進一步探討MNA分數之預測因子，結果得知身體質量指數具最大預測力，臂中圍之預測力為其次。結論：本研究中44.1%個案具潛在營養不良風險，而行動能力及生活能力致使營養不良指標分數及飲食攝取狀況造成差異，健康照護提供者宜重視此問題及其範疇，以作為高齡者營養狀況篩選、監測及支持之參考。

關鍵字

到宅訪視 ； 迷你營養評估量表 ； 營養不良指標

並列摘要

Objectives: Malnutrition in elderly is caused by multiple factors including physiological, social and economic factors, and the process is continuous and slow. To understand the correlation between life style and nutritional status, and dietary intake among elderly living at home. Methods: This study represents a secondary database analysis. Our research team participated in home visits and evaluated the nutritional status of the elderly in the community. The survey included basic information, anthropometric measurement and mini-nutrition assessment (MNA). Statistical analyses used included descriptive statistics, chi-square, Pearson productmoment correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Among the 186 participants who had MNA, 55.9% were in normal nutritional status, 36% were in malnutrition risk and 8.1% were in malnutrition. Malnutrition and dietary intake including intake dairy products daily, intake soybean or egg products two units weekly, and intake vegetables or fruits two units daily, were significantly different between activity capable group and living capable group. The body mass index and arm circumference were impor tant predictors for MNA scores. Conclusions: 44.1% of participants were with the potential risk of malnutrition, and activity capability and living capability were attributable to poor nutrition scoring and dietary intake. The results can be used as the reference of nutritional intervention for elderly. Health care providers should be aware of this problem and its scope for its use as reference for nutrition status screening, monitoring and support of the elderly people.

並列關鍵字

home visits ； MNA ； malnutrition