COVID-19疫苗的分配與倫理考量

Allocation and Ethical Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccine

張光遠(Qwang-Yuen Chang) ； 韓晴芸(Ching-Yun Han)

《北市醫學雜誌》 預刊文章 Pp. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.6200/TCMJ.202201/PP.0003

摘要

新型冠狀病毒疾病（Coronavirus disease 2019；COVID-19）疫苗分配的決策過程必須依循醫學倫理的原則，其審查過程應盡可能透明並尋求公眾參與。本文介紹美國疾病控制和預防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention；CDC）對於COVID-19疫苗分配的建議與相關倫理原則，包括利益最大化和損害最小化、促進公義、減少個人健康的不平等、決策透明。以及世衛組織（World Health Organization；WHO）提出的COVID-19疫苗分配和接種優先次序框架，包括人類福祉、平等尊重、全球公平、國內公平、互惠、合法等原則。同時，也就台灣CDC公布COVID-19疫苗優先接種對象的順序與美國CDC的建議做比較，發現台灣未將長照機構住民、老人及患有高風險內科疾病者列入更優先的類別。

關鍵字

新型冠狀病毒疾病 ； 疫苗分配 ； 醫學倫理

並列摘要

The decision-making process of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine allocation must follow the principles of medical ethics, and its review process should be as transparent as possible and seek public participation. This article introduces the United States (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s recommendations on the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines and related ethical principles, including maximizing benefits and minimizing harms, promoting justice, mitigating health inequities, and promoting transparency. In addition, it introduces the World Health Organization (WHO)'s values framework for the allocation and prioritization of COVID-19 vaccine, including principles such as human wellbeing, equal respect, global equity, national equity, reciprocity, and legitimacy. At the same time, this article compares the COVID-19 vaccination priorities announced by the Taiwan CDC with the recommendations of the U.S. CDC. It was found that the Taiwan CDC has not listed long-term care facility residents, the elderly, and adults with underlying medical conditions as higher priority categories.

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 ； vaccine allocation ； medical ethics