- 期刊
扒竊被害者報案決意歷程與被害反應之研究
A Study on Victims' Reporting Behavior and Reactions to Pickpocket Crime
摘要
犯罪被害調查的結果發現：扒竊案件是報案率最低的犯罪類型。找出形成犯罪黑數的原因與影響因素，除了增加社會大眾正確認識扒竊犯罪的本質，亦有助於增加民眾對扒竊報案行爲的意識，使國家追訴扒竊犯罪的機制得以順利發動，並能提供警察機關作爲改善對被害者服務品質的參考。 本研究選取四名報案之扒竊犯罪被害者及四名未報案之扒竊被害者爲研究對象，以深度訪談的方式，探討扒竊被害者報案決意歷程中，所涉及的感受、想法、社會互動、考慮因素等等，歸納出扒竊被害者報案／不報案的原因，以及扒竊被害後的反應與期待。 研究發現，就扒竊事件的特性而言，如果被害者難以證實遭到扒竊，通常不會考慮報案請求警察偵辦。因爲扒竊並不涉及人身安全的威脅，除了財物損失的主觀感受外，是否報案並不因性別、年齡、家庭結構等等個人特質，而有顯著差異。扒竊被害者報案的動機，主要是基於功利的觀點，而非出於正義訴求。除非損失財物非常巨大，報案的主要理由並非想找回被扒的財物，而是想備案以免衍生不可預測的危險與爭議；不報案的主要原因，除了財物損失輕微之外，主要在於對警察維護社會治安能力沒有期待，至於警察的形象與態度，並非是重要的影響因素。即使對於社會秩序與公平正義期待較高者，也會因爲損失輕微、自我歸因，而傾向不報案。
並列摘要
Empirical studies have shown that many victims of pickpocket did not report their victimizations to the police. These dark figures of crime have distorted official crime statistics and influenced greatly crime prevention policy. The goal of the study is to present data from an empirical study regarding victim's decision to notify the police. The research is useful to explore the public policy implications, especially policies that might improve victim's well being, and their willingness to cooperate with the criminal justice systems. Data were collected from 8 victims by face-to-face in-depth interviews, 4 had sought assistance from police and 4 had not. It attempts to discover the recognition, cognitive, coping, and social interaction in the decision process of reporting behavior. According to this present research, many victims may not label the event a crime, naturally they would not want to notification. Though the effects of the pickpocketing do not involve the sense of security, but cause the victims to lose financial properties and valuable goods. Therefore, the victims who suffered from greater losses are more likely to report to the police. The main reason to call police is not to hope to recover the losses, but to have a record in the police to mark that their certificates have been stolen. If anything happened, they don't have to be responsible for it. Meanwhile, many victims do not have faiths in police ability to maintain social order. They are not looking forward to the policeman to be aware of the public security and expect the police to make more patrols. Utilitarianism and economic perspectives are the key points to explain victims reporting behavior.