監獄矯治教化人員之規訓權力運作與慣習實踐

An Exploration of Correctional Officers' Current Situation in Correctional Institutions by Employing Concepts from Foucault ('Discipline') and Bourdieu ('Habitus')

侯淯荏(Yu-Ren Hou) ； 許華孚(Hua-Fu Hsu)

《犯罪與刑事司法研究》 13期 (2009/09) Pp. 83-143

https://doi.org/10.29861/CCJI.200909.0003

摘要

本研究係從Foucault的「規訓」與Bourdieu的「慣習」概念，採取質性研究現象學發現研究法深度訪談，探究影響矯正機構矯治教化人員場域行動之因素，以呈現矯正場域規訓權力運作與矯治教化間之聯結，以及不同養成背景之矯治教化人員面對規訓權力運作時之回應差異。
研究發現，矯正場域中規訓權力運作深刻影響場域行動者，由於監獄教誨師均由戒護科員晉升，規訓權力運作的慣習嫻熟地導引教誨師依照過去的行動準則和標準，迅速回歸到戒護統一大軍當中；臨床心理師和社會工作員空白的矯正場域經驗代表著他們必須接受一連串的戒護教育和訓練。而從Bourdieu的慣習概念，揭露行動者與場域規訓權力間共謀型態的運作模式。教誨師矯治教化行動的目的在於展現使機構運作更爲順利之行動價值，以具備晉升科室主管的條件；來自不同背景下的臨床心理師和社會工作員則在文化衝突及場域行動與晉升限制下，產生非主流感。
然而當矯治教化成爲促使機構運作順暢的工具，行動成爲行政歷練的一部分，矯治教化失去協助收容人改善自我，復歸社會的原始目的；「懲罰」與「汙名」成爲矯正機構的唯一產出。或許應該更深切重新思考矯正機構存在的意義與價值，全盤檢討現行矯治教化制度與執行人員的適切性。

關鍵字

Foucault ； Bourdieu ； 規訓 ； 慣習 ； 矯治教化 ； 矯正機構

並列摘要

This research aims to explore correctional officers' intentions and actions in order to uncover the interrelationships between disciplinary power and correctional rehabilitation. Furthermore, the research examines the role of career training in the operation of disciplinary power. The methodology combines theoretical illumination, drawing upon concepts of 'Discipline' and 'Habitus' and using qualitative depth-interviews with correctional officers.
The findings indicate that disciplinary power operating in the correctional regime significantly affects workers, particularly rehabilitation officers, clinical psychologists and social workers. The background of rehabilitation officers, from a security orientation, means that they are familiar with given rules and values via the habitus of disciplinary power. The clinical psychologists and social workers with completely different backgrounds always feel excluded and marginal due to their diverse habitus experience. This often leads to cultural conflict and limitations for promotion.
Correctional rehabilitation becomes a method to enhance smooth correctional control and management. We suggest that the purpose of rehabilitation and education is to enhance correctional officers' administration qualifications and fails to rehabilitate prisoners.

並列關鍵字

Foucault ； Bourdieu ； discipline ； habitus ； correctional rehabilitation ； correctional institution