毒品法庭的制度內涵與爭議檢討

毒品法庭自美國發展而逐漸影響世界各地，甚至成為臺灣修法倡議，是晚近刑事政策的重要議題。為深入了解毒品法庭，除介紹制度發展概況、考掘歷史成因之外，本文更將剖繪制度內涵，且在此基礎上，從制度構造及程序法理二方面檢討所涉及的爭議，並循此提出臺灣制度改革的方向。毒品法庭的關鍵爭議在於病人與犯人身分的鬥爭與融合，以及因此發展出的司法程序。前者以犯人身分的間接強制、再犯罪、進入標準與畢業標準，與病人身分下的自願治療、再施用、醫療需求與戒癮成效產生身分鬥爭，並在等級制裁制度形成身分融合，使得懲罰與治療合流；後者則讓程序轉為合作、案主導向、問題解決、與以往對抗、案件導向、真實發現有別，影響正當程序的保障、改變訴訟主體的任務，造成程序法理的挑戰。

關鍵字

戒癮治療；治療式司法；毒品法庭；病患型犯人；問題解決型法庭

並列摘要

Drug courts that have risen from development in the United States have had a gradual influence on the rest of the world, and have even been amended into Taiwanese law. This has been an important issue in recent discussions of criminal policy. This article introduces the background, explores historical causes and points out the contents of the system to understand drug courts in detail. It analyzes the issue from the perspective of institutional structure and procedural legal principles to provide suggestions for Taiwan institutional reform. The key dispute of the drug court is the struggle and integration of patient's and prisoner's identity, and the judicial process that it has developed. The former is based on the indirect compulsion, reoffending, entry criteria and graduation criteria of the identity of prisoners, and it is in a struggle against the voluntary treatment, relapse, medical needs and the effectiveness of abstinence under the identity of the patient. Moreover, the graduated sanction creates a fusion of integration of patient's and prisoner's identity that brings punishment and treatment together. The latter make the transition of procedures to collaboration, case-director orientation, and problem solving is different from confrontation, case-orientation, and truth discovery. It affects the protection of due process, changes the task of the litigators, and also creats procedural legal challenges.

並列關鍵字

addiction treatment ； therapeutic justice ； drug court ； patient and prisoner ； problem-solving court

國際替代計量

毒品法庭的制度內涵與爭議檢討

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