中國商幫的興衰－以行為主義的觀點來探討

The Rise and Fall of Chinese Business Gangs-From a Behaviorism Viewpoint

鍾滄榮(Tsang-Jung Chung)

《嶺東學報》 22期 (2007/12) Pp. 85-103

https://doi.org/10.29850/LTJ.200712.0005

摘要

至今中國商幫之中，廣東潮州商幫仍然挺立原因，除了Watson所強調環境因子之外，廣東潮州商幫有中國商人少有的自由開放、冒險開拓、務實創新的精神，主要還是在改革開放初期，有國家區域發展政策的扶持與推動下的助力。特別是Skinner所說港澳資金及境外資本等增強物的影響。
影響中國商幫的興衰，受到地緣關係與農耕無法自己自足、信仰因子、地方文化等因素。而地方文化因素影響性格的形成，性格因素進而影響商幫的成敗。
本文研究主要目的，在探討中國商幫的興衰，是否如同行爲主義所說的只受環境因子的影響。但研究結果顯示，地方文化因素、政策主導及港澳資金與境外資本等增強物，亦是很重要的原因。

關鍵字

環境因子 ； 地方文化 ； 性格 ； 行為取向

並列摘要

Of all Chinese business gangs, Guangdong Chaozhou gang is the last to fall, remaining in existence. Despite the impact of the environmental factors suggested by Watson, Guangdong Chaozhou gang is open-minded, adventurous, innovative and pragmatic; characteristics that are seen less in other gangs. The support and encouragement provided by national development policies, such as those of overseas capitals (including Hong Kong and Macau) as suggested by Skinner, has had a significant impact in the initial stages of reform and the opening of modern China.
Other factors such as geographic effects, religion and local culture also influenced the rise and fall of Chinese business gangs. Local culture is affected by the personality of the people, which subsequently influenced the success of the gangs.
The aim of this study is to investigate whether the rise and fall of Chinese business gangs is affected only by environmental factors according to behaviourism. The results showed that other factors such as local culture, policy making and overseas capitals also play an important role.

並列關鍵字

environment factor ； local culture ； personality ； behavior orientation

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