食品安全法制之探討－以美國法為例

近年來，已開發和開發中國家之狂牛症、禽流感、戴奧辛污染、口蹄疫等重大食品安全事件頻傳，不但對廣大消費者的生命安全構成威脅並引起心理恐慌，更對世界各國之食品貿易及經濟造成鉅大損失，食品安全問題業已成為全球共同關注之焦點。為防止食品污染事件一再發生，同時恢復消費者的信心，許多國家紛紛透過立法及建立專責機構，以強化對現代食品的監督管理。本文將探討美國聯邦政府對食品安全的管理制度與法令體系，以及這些體系制度與法令規定在安全食品的加工、服務、與販售通路上所扮演的角色。現階段食安風暴之所以不斷，已然是系統失靈，多年下來的急就章讓相關法制設計既缺乏整體性；行政上更缺乏稽核管理的之機構與管理配套，遑論是對從業人員的激勵與對執法官員的保障了。在風險自負下，大家對於食品的來源都茫然無知，對於架上之食物都抱持聽天由命的想法，政府機構基於法制的欠缺無執行的能力。基於過往的省思觀察與行動參與，認為惟有整體改善法制面以為基本的補強，才能重振政府威信、重建社會信賴。

關鍵字

食品安全；條例

並列摘要

It is a significant understatement to say that the regulation of foodstuffs in the United States is highly convoluted. At present, fifteen agencies oversee the regulation of food on the federal level. The two primary food safety agencies are the USDA and the FDA. Roughly ten to twenty percent of the nation's food supply is under the USDA's jurisdiction, while the FDA regulates the vast majority of the remainder. Numerous commentators and government officials have discussed the overlapping mandates and fragmented nature of the food safety regulatory regime at length. In order to fully understand the challenges presented in the creation of an effective traceability regime, it is vital to have context for the problem. Then, we compare the modified food regulation in Taiwan to seek further protection of food safety.