從蘇軾〈和陶飲酒詩〉中的「仕隱觀」探討其生命意識與價值

Discussing the Consciousness and Value of Life from Officialdom and Seclusion Philosophy in Su Shi's Response towards the Drinking Poems of Tao Yuan-Ming

趙桂芳(KUEI-FANG CHAO)

《嶺東學報》 41期 (2017/06) Pp. 75-104

摘要

蘇軾內心對「仕」與「隱」的選擇是充滿困惑與衝突的。「烏臺詩案」的政治慘案，讓他深知必須如臨深淵的面對以後的每個日子，他清楚地告誡自己，即使是他日「一朝傅兩翅」，仍逃不了「黏網悲」的下場。於是他知道自己必須做出人生重大抉擇。本文首先闡述宋代儒釋道三教合流對蘇軾「和陶」心理意識產生的影響。文中分析蘇軾和陶真正的目的，並藉此探索蘇軾〈和陶飲酒詩〉創作內容中「仕」與「隱」的情結，再從「仕」與「隱」矛盾掙扎中，透析蘇軾是如何經過自我凝鍊、超脫，最後以通過學習古人的方式，達到對古人的超越和對自身的超越，進而獲得心靈的和諧。最終蘇軾得到了結論，他認為生存的價值在濟弱扶傾與經世致用的實踐，生命的意義在為生民立命、為往聖繼絕學的奮鬥。蘇軾的固窮與守節，是檢視自我生命意識的契機，是對生存價值與生命意識的自我覺知。蘇軾以一代政治家與文學家的身分，以書寫對抗遺忘，追求個體精神價值與心靈的自由，肩負起社會責任與使命。

關鍵字

蘇軾 ； 和陶飲酒詩 ； 仕與隱 ； 烏臺詩案

並列摘要

In Su Shi's mind, the choice between officialdom and seclusion was extremely confusing and conflict. Through the political tragedy of Wutai Poem Case, he fully realized that every day of the future would be in abyss. He clearly reminded himself that he could not run away from the fate of being caught by the net like a worm even though he spread his two wings. Then he understood that he should make the important decision of his life. Firstly, this study explores the cultural background of the era where Su Shi lived and the influence of the convergence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in Sung Dynasty on Su Shi's psychological consciousness in response towards Tao Yuan-Ming which have indicative meaning. Next, it states Su Shi’s real purpose on making response towards Tao Yuan-Ming, through which it analyzes the officialdom and seclusion complex in the response towards the Drinking Poems of Tao Yuan-Ming. Then it probes into how Su Shi conducted self-reflection and self-detachment in the struggle of officialdom and seclusion, and finally obtained the harmony of mind by means of learning from the ancients and surpassing them as well as surpassed himself. In the end Su Shi drew the conclusion that the value of life laid in helping the poor and the weak and practicing statecraft. The meaning of life was serving the people and inheriting the knowledge of the ancestors. Su Shi's sticking to poverty and moral integrity provided him an opportunity to examine the consciousness of his own life and it is the self-clarification for the life value and consciousness. As a statesman and litterateur, Su Shi wrote against forgetting, pursuing his spiritual value and freedom of mind and bearing the social responsibility and mission.

並列關鍵字

Su Shi ； Drinking Poems of Tao Yuan-Ming ； Officialdom and Seclusion Philosophy ； Wutai Poem Case

參考文獻

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