古代軍將戰時犯失初探－以北魏為中心

Martial offense in the Northern Wei Dynasty

張文杰(Wen-Chieh Chang)

《嶺東通識教育研究學刊》 6卷4期 (2016/08) Pp. 1-19

摘要

本文針對《魏書》所見北魏軍將犯失罪例進行探索，包括畏懦、故留不赴、後期、沮軍、兵陳不整、棄甲失軍、詐功、盜沒軍資、擅役使、戰敗失利，以及職守不力等；分析其罪由，從擾亂戰場秩序、侵犯軍事經營，到傷損部伍生命，甚者危害政軍利益，故統治者為維繫部伍紀律、戰鬥力量與軍事優勢，遂對犯失將吏作刑儆效。另外，北魏政府對於軍將犯失的處置，除可與韓信「軍法」相參照，亦在《唐律．擅興》中有所反映，顯示漢唐間軍事立法承襲發展的狀況。

關鍵字

北魏 ； 軍事 ； 犯罪

並列摘要

This article tries to understand the Martial offense in the Northern Wei Dynasty, including cowardice in the war, hesitated to stay in the war, overdue the agreed date in the war, undermined the military strategy and action, poor military discipline, lost the army, fraud obtained military exploits, stealing military supplies, unauthorized to enslave soldiers, failed of war, and poor military performance etc. These martial offense might disturb the order of battle, violated military operations, hurt soldiers' lives and damage to the national interest. Therefore, in order to maintain military discipline, fighting force, the ruler must punish officials for military offenses. In addition, recognizing military offense in the Northern Wei Dynasty, we can also learn the development of the ancient military law.

並列關鍵字

Northem Wei Dynasty ； Military ； Offense

參考文獻

漢司馬遷(1959)。史記。北京:中華書局。

漢班固(1964)。漢書。北京:中華書局。

劉宋范曄(1965)。後漢書。北京:中華書局。

西晉陳壽(1959)。三國志。北京:中華書局。

唐房玄齡(1974)。晉書。北京:中華書局。