南明殉節大儒黃道周學說之時代地位

The Contemporary Status of the Sacrificed Philosopher Huang Dao-Zhou's Theory in the Southern Ming Dynasty

吳秀玉(Hsiu-Yu Wu)

《宜蘭大學學報》 2期 (2004/03) Pp. 113-126

https://doi.org/10.6178/niu.2004.02.21

摘要

黃道周是東林君子、明末最後一位理學家，身處於晚明亂亡之際。學術攸關世局，此時的學術思想、發展，竟是王學末流順性自然，不重知識、事功，不關心國家社會，致使有識之士不得不提倡經世致用以挽救國危。道周就是此間深受政治影響，而對王學有所修正的改造者。他斟酌程朱、陸王之間，去偏取長，將理與氣、義理與氣質、心與性、道心與人心、致知與格物、內與外、修與悟、本體與工夫統統合為一體，把慎獨與躬行的理論，發之於事功，成就一己之節烈，為國殉道。此重實踐、實功，反虛入實的精神，對於清初鍼砭空言心性、提倡實學運動的承繼，有其不可忽略的時代地位。

關鍵字

黃道周 ； 東林君子 ； 南明 ； 經世致用 ； 殉道 ； 時代地位

並列摘要

Huang Dou-Zhou was the last rationalistic philosopher in the end of the Ming Dynasty. He lived in the time, when the Ming Dynasty lost the northern China and struggled to survive. The academy is developed by no means without interaction with the society. At that time the academic atmosphere was prevailed by on branch of Wang Yang-Ming's theory, which asserted exercising what one wanted to, rather than knowledge and practicing. The scholars were generally so indifferent to the important social issues that some of them could not but advocate that the academy should serve the public. Huang was gravely influenced by this political atmosphere and hence dedicated himself to modify Wang's philosophy. He took merits of both Cheng-Zhu's and Lu-Wang's perspectives and came to the integrity of natural principles and their functioning, conscience and primitive drives, competence and performance of conscience, superego and id, introspection and learning, the internal and the external, cultivation and insight, nature and nurture, etc. Finally he actualized his philosophy and sacrificed himself for the people. The spirit of Huang's academic thoughts, which put emphasis on the practice instead of mere words, exerted profound influence on the academy in the early period of the Qing Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Huang Dao-Zhou ； Dong-Lin gentleman ； the southern Ming Dynasty ； practice for the public welfare ； at the sacrifice of justice ； the contemporary status