論劉熙載評屈原

晚清經學家劉熙載，一生遵奉儒家學說，其評論屈原不乏一己之真知灼見，今分「忠君說」、「勵志說」、「變之正，變而真論」、「迷離說」各項論述。劉氏基於儒家思想，竭力稱揚屈原「為君非為私」之大我情懷，認為屈原之進諫，正符合儒家「仁」之標準。所以，對班固批評屈原「露才揚己」之言，大不以為然。劉氏認為屈原之賦，皆能激勵人心，云：「屈之辭，能使讀者興起盡忠疾邪之意。」（〈文概〉）劉氏能從積極面解讀屈原之作，可謂卓見。劉氏以儒家思想為本，自立身處世以至於文學作品皆要求「情之正」，屈原〈離騷〉一文，忠君愛國之情溢於言表，所以劉氏認為〈離騷〉乃變之正之作。劉氏認為應以真偽評論賦體，所謂「真偽」，乃指賦體作者之情志而言。他強調作品必須本於作者真誠的心志，屈原之賦正為其人品之充分表露，因此，屈賦就是「變而真」的作品。劉氏對屈原豐富之想像力，高超之寫作技巧，亦有深入體認。認為屈原馳騁其無窮之想像力，使其文千變萬化，其為文就如同「國手置棋」，每一步皆有宏觀大局之精心安排，神妙之布局，其中錯綜變化之勢，使觀棋者，惟覺迷離恍惚，莫究其由。劉氏又以《九歌．山鬼》為例，認為屈子之文，取諸六氣，故有晦明變化，風雨迷離之意，稱揚屈原在賦體寫作中，能把外在物色，與自家生意密切配合之精湛藝術技巧。

關鍵字

劉熙載；屈原；忠君；勵志；變之正；變而真；迷離

並列摘要

In Obedience to Confucianism in his life, Liu Xi-Zai, the scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, had comments on Qu Yuan with correct and penetrating ideas. Based on Confucianism, Liu praised and extolled that Qu Yuan's thoughts were correspondent with the Confucian concept, Ren. Thus Liu disagreed with Ban-Gu's comments that Qu Yuan showed off himself too much. Also by reason of Confucianism, Liu demanded the impartiality of thought, consequently Lisao is the impartiality of altering.In Liu's opinion, Qu Yuan's works are full of patriotism and sincerity, which are the expression of his character and can inspirit the readers. Besides, Liu also highly appreciated Qu Yuan's imagination. Taking example by Qu Yuan's Shangui, Liu thought that Qu Yuan blended outer scenery with inner images, which is a terrific artifice.

並列關鍵字

Liu Xi-Zai ； Qu Yuan ； loyalty ； inspiriting ； the impartiality of altering ； the sincerity of altering ； vagueness

國際替代計量

論劉熙載評屈原

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