《漢書˙五行志》所見劉向災異論

Liu Xiang's Disaster Theories in the Five Elements Record of Han Shu

張書豪(Shu-Hao Chang)

《先秦兩漢學術》 10期 (2008/09) Pp. 81-104

https://doi.org/10.29443/TLXQHD.200809.0005

摘要

「災異」為西漢儒者重要的學術活動，然由於內容頗具迷信色彩，故論者多視作荒謬無稽，進而影響對其內涵的研究。本文首先從西漢災異論的總匯－《漢書．五行志》入手，考察其中的解經結構，發現班固作〈志〉，主要是根據劉向的《洪範五行傳論》（〈藝文志〉著錄作「《五行傳記》」）。進而分析〈五行志〉所見劉向災異論的詮說方法與特色，得知無論於史例的取材或義理的根據上，往往有兼採眾說的地方：兼舉《易》說，反映了西漢卦氣說的興盛；融合三《傳》、《國語》，知於今古文學經典，亦甚為熟稔，為漢代今文學轉向古文的重要橋梁；所用星象數術，亦記錄了當時自然科學的知識水準。故知劉向論災異，並非嚴格意義上的解經，而是託經設意，為了證明自己的論點，於今文所不足之處，增引古文經事例；於經義所欠闕之處，另援象數方術以立論。凡此，皆顯現劉向的博學多聞，並忠實呈現出當時學術的趨向與風尚。

關鍵字

五行志 ； 劉向 ； 災異 ； 洪範五行傳

並列摘要

I observe and study the structure of interpreting Confucian classics from ”the five elements record of Han-shu” which is the aggregate of the disaster theories in the Western Han Dynasty, and discover that ”the five elements record of Han-shu” is as stated in Liu Xiang ”the Explanation on the annotation of the five elements in Hong-fan”. Therefore, I analyze the characteristics of explaining in Liu Xiang's disaster theories from ”the five elements record of Han-shu”, and know that Liu Xiang adopts the predecessors' opinions into his disaster theories not only about the materials of the historical events but also about the basis of argumentations. Generally, the Han scholars talk about the disasters in order to the political purpose and the views of the selves. Thus, the academic value of Liu Xiang's disaster theories is reduced, but Liu Xiang reflects the academic tendency and mood in his disaster theories.

並列關鍵字

the five elements record ； Liu Xiang ； disaster ； the annotation of the five elements in Hong-fan