水稻不同腹白度品種穎果發育期間澱粉粒蓄積形態學之探討

Morphological Study of Starch Grain Accumulation during the Kernel Development of Rice Varieties with Different Grain Appearances in Ventral White

顏吉甫(Chi-Fuu Yein) ； 黃振文(Jenn-Wen Huang)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 1卷2期 (2004/06) Pp. 112-120

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.200406.0005

摘要

本試驗種植臺稉8號、臺稉16號、臺中秈10號及臺中秈17號等四水稻品種，於開花後不同日數採取材料製片，觀察胚乳組織澱粉粒蓄積形態。根據結果，秈稻品種穎果長度在開花後第1~4天呈快速上升，稻品種為1~5天。四個參試品種穎果每粒之乾物重，一致在開花後第5到15天期間呈現快速直線增加，爾後漸增一直到完熟期。經由組織解剖觀察結果，水稻開花後第7天，在胚乳組織中心周圍胚乳細胞發育速度比較腹部周圍者為快；因之，前者澱粉粒為複粒式澱粉粒作緊密蓄積排列，後者尚存有單小粒樣式。開花後第30天，臺中秈10號、臺稉8號及臺稉16號品種穎果胚乳組織內澱粉粒蓄積排列，係由米粒中心部位朝向糊粉層鄰近的胚乳細胞，其發育速度比較臺中秈17號快。因此，臺中秈10號及臺稉8號品種米粒外觀透明，臺中秈17號品種米粒則顯現腹白現象。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 穎果發育 ； 澱粉粒

並列摘要

This study explored the changes in morphological characters of starch grain accumulation during the kernel development in two japonica and two indica rice cultivars. The increase of grain length was faster in two indica varieties than that in two japonica varieties, from the 4th to 5th days after anthesis, during kernel development. The dry matter accumulation per grain increased at the highest rate during the period from the 5th to 15th days after anthesis for all tested cultivars, and continued to increase until the fully mature stage. At the 7th day after anthesis endosperm cells showed the most rapidly development at the central kernel region faster than that at the ventral region. Starch grains were shown as compound-granules accumulating in the central portion of endosperm of kernels and were closely surrounded by arrays of single starch grains. The formation of compound-granules was found slower at the ventral region than that at the central region. Around the 30th day after anthesis, starch grain accumulation spread gradually from central portion of kernel toward the outer regions facing the aleuron layer. The accumulation rate was faster in Taiken 8, Taiken 16 and Taichung Sen 10 than that in Taichung Sen 17. The pattern of starch accumulation may lead to the translucent appearance of Taiken 8 and Taichung Sen 10, and to the white-belly of Taichung Sen 17.

並列關鍵字

Rice ； Kernel development ； Starch grain