溫度、種子水分含量及氧氣對毛豆及烏豆種子儲藏壽命之影響

Effects of Temperature, Seed Water Content and Oxygen on the Storage Longevity of Vegetable Soybean and Black Soybean Seeds

侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 1卷3期 (2004/09) Pp. 171-190

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.200409.0003

摘要

本研究利用臺灣目前栽培最廣之毛豆品種高雄5號、烏豆品種臺南3號為材料，進行溫度、種子水分含量及氧氣對兩種豆科作物種子儲藏行為之探討，包括：1.不同溫度及種子水分含量對毛豆及烏豆種子壽命之影響；2．毛豆及烏豆種子活力常數之求出及種子活力方程式之應用；3．有氧與缺氧下對毛豆及烏豆種子壽命之影響。試驗結果如下：1．毛豆及烏豆種子在相同水分含量下，溫度愈高儲藏壽命愈短；在相同儲藏溫度下，種子之水分含量愈高，儲藏壽命亦愈短。在高溫(45℃)儲藏下，低水分含量(6%)種子忍受性較佳；高水分含量種子(18%)則以低溫(5℃)儲藏可延緩種子老化。在相同水分含量及溫度下，烏豆較毛豆有更佳之種子儲藏壽命。2．毛豆種子之活力常數為Ke=4.024，Cw=0.066，Ch=0.0403，Cq=-0.000135；烏豆種子之活力常數為Ke=4.377，Cw=0.073，Ch=0.0518，Cq=-0.000403，且由結果得知兩種豆科作物顯現出正儲型之儲藏行為。3．相同儲藏溫度之不同種子水分含量下，種子活力下降之速率與種子水分含量成正相關；而有氧處理較缺氧處理有較佳之種子壽命。就溫度、種子水分含量與種子活力之關係而言，低溫下種子水分含量增加時較高溫下種子水分含量增加時有較高之種子活力，相同水分含量下，有氧處理亦較缺氧處理有較佳之種子活力。

關鍵字

毛豆 ； 烏豆 ； 種子壽命 ； 貯藏溫度 ； 種子水分含量 ； 有氧狀態 ； 活力常數

並列摘要

The vegetable soybean cultivar Kaohsiung No.5 and black soybean cultivar Tainan No.3 were used for investigating the effects of temperature, seed water content and oxygen on the storage longevity of seeds. There were three objectives included in this study. Firstly, effects of different temperatures and seed water contents on the longevity of the tested seeds were investigated. Secondly, seed viability constants of these cultivars were calculated and applications of the equations were evaluated. Finally, treatment of aerobic condition to seed longevity was determined. The results were summarized as follows. First, under the same water content of seeds, higher storage temperatures would shorten the seed longevity in both cultivars, and under the same storage temperature, higher seed water content would reduce the storage duration. When stored at 45℃, seeds with 6% water content had better tolerance than those with higher water content. For seeds with higher water content (18%), storage at lower temperature such as 5℃ could extend the aging effect. When the storage temperature and seed water content were the same, black soybean seeds had higher storage longevity than vegetable soybean seeds. Second, seed viability constants of vegetable soybean were caiculated as Ke=4.024, Cw=0.066, Ch=0.0403, and Cq=-0.000135, while there were Ke=4.377, Cw=0.073, Ch=0.0518, and Cq=-0.000403 for black soybean seeds. The seed storage behavior of both cultivars were orthodox. Third, under same storage temperatures with various seed water contents, seed longevity decline rates were positively correlated with seed water content. Stored the seeds in aerobic condition would prolong seed longevity than those stored in anaerobic condition. From the viewpoint of the inter-relations among seed viability, storage temperature and seed water content, seeds with high water content stored at lower temperatures would extend seed viability than those stored at high temperature. With the same seed water content, stored the seeds under aerobic condition would prolong the seed longevity.

並列關鍵字

Vegetable soybean ； Black soybean ； Seed longevity ； Storage temperature ； Seed water content ； Aerobic condition ； Viability constant