- 期刊
臺灣原生百合鱗莖萌芽對溫度之反應
The Responses of Bulb Emergence to Temperatures in Lilium Populations Native in Taiwan
摘要
為瞭解臺灣不同地區之原生百合族群對其棲地環境適應性之生態生理特性，以原生於北海岸、東海岸、蘭嶼等地區8個鐵炮百合(Lilium longifiorum var. scabrum)族群，及原生於不同緯度(22º38'N-24º53'N)及高度(50~2600m)之12個臺灣百合(L. formosanum)族群為對象，從7月初至10月初，將其鱗莖施以各種溫度處理，觀察其萌芽所需時問。結果顯示未經高溫前處理之鐵炮百合（包括一個生長於臺東山區，萌芽習性及開花季節與鐵炮百合相同的台灣百合Tt1族群）鱗莖，在7月份萌芽所需之時問最長，8月次之，10月最短。三種溫度中，以在10℃及18℃之下萌芽較快，在7月需43.5士10.6日（9個族群平均±sd，以下均同），8月需32.8±9.2日，10月僅需13.9±4.0日即可萌芽。在25℃之下，7月需113.1±42.0日，8月需80.5±26.2日，10月只需16.7±8.9日即可萌芽。在7月份，以47.5℃對鐵炮百合鱗莖施以1小時之高溫前處理，在10℃及18℃之下可縮短至33.5±7.5日，25℃之下則可縮短至56.1±40.7日萌芽。而在臺中之自然天候下，未施以任何溫度處理之鐵炮百合鱗莖也於10月份開始陸續萌芽，此時均溫在25℃左右。綜合以上結果可推測，鐵炮百合在7月種子成熟，地上部乾枯後，其鱗莖在高溫下生理狀況仍繼續變化，使其在25℃之下萌芽所需日數逐漸降低，至10月份便可自然萌芽，在春季開花。雖然47.5℃之高溫前處理也可縮短臺灣百合鱗莖萌芽所需天數，但是在25℃之溫度下，在10月份臺灣百合（不包括Tt1族群）鱗莖之萌芽率只有14.5±13.7%（11個族群平均幼d），可見在高溫下其鱗莖之萌芽能力遠較鐵炮百合為弱。而在臺中的自然天候下，未施以任何溫度處理之臺灣百合鱗莖要在1月底的低溫條件（均溫約18℃）下才開始陸續萌芽，在夏季開花。但是生長於臺東山區的臺灣百合Tt1族群，其萌芽習性及開花季節與鐵炮百合相同。此結果顯示，不同種(speoies)的臺灣原生百合，若分佈於相近之棲地時，其生活史亦會相似。造成臺灣不同地區之原生百合族群，其生活史差異之原因可能與其原生地之氣候條件，包括颱風強度及秋季降雨之多寡有關。
並列摘要
In order to elucidate the ecophysiological characteristics of Lilium spp. populations native in Taiwan, 8 populations of L. longiflorum native in northern and eastern coast and Lanyu island and 12 populations of L. formosanum native in different latitude (22º 38'N~24º 53'N) and altitude (50~2600m) were used to determine the responses of bulb emergence to temperatures. Results indicated that the bulbs of L. longiflorum plus Tt1 population of L. formosanum (with the same flowing period as L. longiflorum) emerged in a slower rate in July, a medium rate in August and a faster rate in October. Both at 10℃ and 18℃, 43.5±10.6 (mean of 9 populations ±sd), 32.8±9.2 and 13.9±4.0 days were required for bulb emergence in July, August and October, respectively. There were 113.1±42.0, 80.5±26.2, and 16.7±8.9 days for those bulbs emerged in July, August and October, respectively, at 25℃. When the bulbs of L. longiflorum were pre-treated with 47.5℃ for 1 hr in July, only 33.5±7.5 days at 10℃ and 18℃ and 56.1±40.7 days at 25℃ were required for bulb emergence. Under the natural climatic conditions in Taichung, the L. longiflorum bulbs begin to emergence in October, and then bloom in spring. It further indicated that the emergence of L. longiflorum bulbs may be promoted by hot climate during the summer months. The emergence of L. formosanum bulbs was also promoted by the treatment of 47.5 ℃ for 1hr. Rates of bulb emergence of L. formosanum (excepted Tt1 population) were decreased under 25℃, with 14.5±13.7% (mean of 11 populations ±sd) in October. At 18 and 10℃, the rates increased to higher than 50% and 90%, respectively. Under natural climatic conditions in Taichung, bulbs of L. formosanum emerge in January and bloom in summer. Bulb emergence of L. formosanum bulbs was promoted by low temperature in winter season. The difference in life cycle between L. longiflorum and L. formosanum might be related to the strength of typhoon in summer and the amount of precipitation in autumn of their habitats. It is worth mentioning that bulb emergence of Tt1 population of L. formosanum, which grown with L. longiflorum in the same habitat, shows the same response to temperature and has the same blooming period as L. longiflorum.