- 期刊
臺灣野生稻農藝生育性狀及親緣性分析
Agronomic Traits and Polymorphism Analysis of Taiwan Wild Rice
摘要
本研究之目的為探討臺灣野生稻之農藝生育性狀及遺傳的變異性。試驗所用臺灣野生稻材料，取自農試所現存活體保存之野生稻種原圃，在成功繁殖之48個品系中，由其外表型態可區分為三種不同株型，其中第Ⅰ種株型佔了39個品系為最多，第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ種則各為5及4個品系。第Ⅰ及第Ⅲ種株型較相近，分蘗散開、相對於地面夾角角度較小，外表型態最明顯的不同在於葉鞘的顏色，第Ⅰ種株型之葉鞘呈紫棕色，第Ⅲ種株型之葉鞘則與葉片相同，皆屬淡綠色；第Ⅱ種則分蘗簇集、相對於地面夾角角度較大，與一般栽培種較相近。臺灣野生稻皆較一般栽培種（臺農67號101天，臺中在來1號100天）晚抽穗，其抽穗日期介於插秧後121~139天，平均為132天。三種臺灣野生稻型態在株高、分蘗數與葉數等農藝生育性狀之表現，以第Ⅲ型之生長勢較大。穗數、稔實率、每穗粒數及榖粒重等四個產量性狀之表現，以稔實率的變異程度最大，其餘依次為每穗粒數、穗數與榖粒重。以臺大農藝系建立之水稻品種DNA指紋分析技術，利用OSR4等10個SSR引子對，分析48個臺灣野生稻品系、9個臺灣栽培種及7個自IRRI引進的野生稻，總共獲得38個多型性條帶，每個引子對皆能擴增出清晰的多型性條帶，擴增出的多型性條帶數介於2~6條之間，平均為3.8條，分子量介於100~400bp之間。根據多型性條帶出現的結果，進行分群分析，可明顯區分出6群，其中高雄139號及越光各成一群；栽培種臺秈2號、臺中秈10號、臺中在來1號及W49A (Oryza rufipogon)成一群；W25、W16A (Oryza punctata)及W30A(Oryza punctata)為一群；W4A (Oryza latifolia)、W11A、W22A及W37A (Oryza officinalis)成一群；其餘包括臺農67號、臺稉5號、臺稉9號、高雄145號及其他臺灣野生稻自成一群。由本試驗結果顯示，臺灣野生稻乃一異質性相當高的族群，族群中出現類似稉型稻的個體，係族群後裔分離的現象，亦或因天然雜交、稉型基因流入的現象，則有待進一步的証實。
並列摘要
The objectives of this study were to investigate variations of agronomic traits, developmental progress, and genotype makeup in Taiwan wild rice. Experimental materials were collected from germplasm nursery of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. All of the 48 tested survival lines could be divided into three different plant types by phenotypic traits. Type Ⅰ was similar to Type Ⅲ except the color of leaf sheath. Type Ⅰ had purple brown sheath and Type Ⅲ showed pale green sheath, and they had a smaller angle between tillers and ground. The phenotype of Type Ⅱ was similar to that of cultivated varieties and angle between tillers and ground was near 90 degree. The color of leaf and leaf sheath of type Ⅱ lines was green. The heading day of Taiwan wild rice was longer than that of cultivated varieties. Average days from transplanting to heading was 132. Among the three types, Type Ⅲ had the larger growth vigor in the traits of plant height, tiller number per plant, and leaf number of main stem. The variation of spikelet fertility was the largest among the components of yield. A total of 10 DNA simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs were selected to detect genotype polymorphisms among 48 Taiwan wild rice lines, 9 cultivated varieties, and 7 wild rice accession lines from IRRI. Ten SSR primers amplified a total of 38 polymorphic bands. The average number of alleles per SSR locus was 3.8 with a range from 2 to 6. UPGMA cluster analysis proposed that the 64 rice materials could be divided into 6 groups. Although almost all of Taiwan wild rice lines were clustered into the same group, considerable DNA polymorphism was found among these lines. The present results revealed that Taiwan wild rice may be a high heterogenous population with respect to agronomic traits and genetic background. This population also showed some Japonica-like traits, suggesting introgression might occur during long period of coexistence with other cultivars.