全球暖化趨勢對臺灣蔬菜生產之影響

Impact of Global Warming Trend on Vegetables Production in Taiwan

王仕賢(Shyh-Shyan Wang)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 5卷1期 (2008/03) Pp. 76-82

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.200803.0008

摘要

臺灣蔬菜生產種類繁多，超過100種以上，栽培面積在1987年達到最高峰達24萬公頃，2006年種植面積僅15萬7仟公頃，產量約287.8萬公頓，產值約440億元。大宗蔬菜以外蔬菜栽培面積約9萬4仟餘公頃，佔蔬菜總面積之54%，產值約220億元，約佔蔬菜總產值之60%。目前全球蔬菜生產8.8億頓，以亞洲為最主要生產地區，在全球5,200萬公頃蔬菜面積中，中國佔2,200萬公頃。近年來全球蔬菜生產呈現上升現象，主要肇因於品種改良、栽培技術改進、管理技術引入及設施栽培之增加。世界各國的蔬菜貿易僅佔總生產量的3%，顯示蔬菜產業為高度自給性產業。全球暖化議題促使世人反省生活方式，除了有機農業樂活方式全球盛行外，對水資源及節能環保的永續生產也成為農業政策之一，臺灣地區蔬菜生產當然也必須因應調整。全球暖化之後，歐美國家對耐熱育種更加重視，臺灣地區蔬菜品種如結球白菜、花椰菜及番茄品種耐熱育種成果具領先地位，未來可應用於同類型作物。而抗病、耐候性（如耐淹水、耐旱及耐鹽性），養分利用率高之作物育種方向均有利於環保及節能，亦值得探討。由於設施栽培面積將會增加，必須創造利基產品才能與中國有產品區隔。另針對水資源、滴灌及養液土耕方式也將增加，將有助於降低肥料使用量及用水量。使用砧木生產及生物防治技術等設施生產管理技術，以及農企業投入產業等因素，預料將會改變設施生產模式。

關鍵字

全球暖化趨勢 ； 蔬菜生產

並列摘要

Taiwan produces more than 100 kinds of vegetables. In 1987, the cultivated area climbed up to 240,000 hectares and then decreased thereafter. In 2006, the planted area was only 157,000 hectares with yield approximately 2,878,000 ton, and market value 44 billions NT dollars. Not counting the three major vegetables, the remainders occupied 94,000 hectares accounting for about 54% of the total cultivated area. Their estimated market value is 22 billions NT dollars, approximately 60% of the total production value. Currently the annual world vegetables production is 880 millions tones covering over 52 millions hectares. Asia is the major production region, and mainland China is the primary area with a total amount of 22 millions hectares. The recent increase of vegetables production may be attributed to the use of high quality inputs (e.g., seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides), advancement of technologies, bettering of management skills, and the increasing use of production under structures. Relative to fresh fruits with more than 6% production volume is trades globally, vegetables industry is a highly self-sufficient one with only 3% producetion (ca. 28.4 millions tones in 1984) is traded annually. In response to global warming trend, organic farming and eco-agriculture practices are currently pursued for water and energy conservation purposes. In western countries such as in Europe and American, efforts are made to develop heat-tolerant vegetables. Taiwan has made a leading role in breeding heat tolerant varieties of Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, and tomato. Other crops are also on the road to heat and pest resistance/tolerance. Production of vegetables under structures is an another interest to growers and researchers. The technique is in conjunction with drip irrigation, biological control technology, and application of grafted plant in order to reduce the use of agrochemicals and soil-borne diseases.

並列關鍵字

Global warming trend ； Vegetable production