- 期刊
減降農作生產排放溫室氣體對策之淺見
Strategies and Practices Leading to the Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases Emissions during Crops Production
摘要
氣候的快速變遷現象近年來已成為眾所矚目的全球性議題，其形成原因普遍被歸諸於自19世紀工業革命兩百年以來，大氣中各種溫室氣體持續蓄積的結果。不僅因此增強了地球的溫室效應，也造成全球的溫暖化趨勢。農業的生產過程中會釋出若干溫室氣體至大氣中，促使氣候的不穩定或更劇烈的變化，反過來說農業生產也會受到氣候變化與變遷的影響，兩者互為因果。為期人類糧食的穩定供應，生活空間的長久維持，乃至於大地萬物的生生不息，吾人應當關切溫室氣體排放與氣候變遷問題，並積極謀求因應對策、規劃適當調整方向。如此，才有機會減降溫室氣體排放量，減輕對農業（農作物）生產的負面衝擊，復兼顧環境保護、生態維護和糧食生產。農業生產相關的最主要溫室氣體為二氧化碳、甲烷及氧化亞氮等三種，以土壤釋出的氧化亞氮、富含有機質土壤栽培期間逸釋的氧化亞氮與甲烷、反芻動物發酵排放的甲烷、動物糞便管理過程產生的甲烷與氧化亞氮、以及操作農業使用能源產生的二氧化碳與甲烷等為最大宗，透過不同技術、經營管理措施及系統性方法與策略，吾人能夠減少這些溫室氣體的排放量，進而達到逐年減降目標。而二氧化碳、甲烷及氧化亞氮亦為農作生產排放的主要溫室氣體，本文將試予探討其等排放源及減降對策，期以助益於國內農業之永續發展。
並列摘要
Accelerating of climate change has become an important global issue recently and has been attributed to mainly the result of long term accumulation of vast greenhouse gases (GHGs) since industrial revolution commenced in the late nineteenth century. It causes not only the strengthening of greenhouse effect but the moving force of global warming trend. GHGs may also be released to atmosphere during the processes of agricultural production and contribute to the deterioration of the effect. On the other hand, climate change exerts confounding impacts on agricultural production too. As GHGs emissions are resulted from human activities for meeting food demand of growing population, anyone who lives in the global village should consider playing an active role in mitigating problems evolving from GHGs emissions and climate change. With effective strategies and practices to reduce GHGs emissions and the negative effects on agricultural/crops production, it then be possibly keeping goals of environmental protection, ecological preservation and food production maintaining in the same time in the future. The main GHGs emitted from agricultural/crops production are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). This paper will try to explore the possible ways to mitigate these three GHGs emissions with the mind to in favor of sustaining local agriculture development.