臺灣果樹農業氣象災害與因應策略

Agrometeorological Disasters Occurred on Fruit Tree in Taiwan and Its Responsive Strategies

張致盛(Chih-Sheng Chang) ； 陳怡靜(Yi-Ching Chen) ； 張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 6卷1期 (2009/03) Pp. 61-71

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.200903.0006

摘要

臺灣果樹氣象災害包括寒害、霜害、颱風、豪雨、旱災、焚風等，而不同種類及品種的果樹，在不同生育期所遭受之災害及受害程度差異極大。此外，由於產期調節技術及產地的拓展，許多果樹因而遭受氣象災害。果樹遭受氣象災害的受害情形包括枝條折損、落葉、落花、落果、生長停滯、生理障礙、花芽分化受限而減產等，發生的部位包括根、莖、葉、花、果實等器官。果園中栽培之果樹面臨氣象災害不易避免，但是藉由適當的因應措施，可減輕災害造成的損失程度，並能儘速恢復果樹正常的生長與生產，為管理策略上相當重要的手段。果樹因應氣象災害所採取之策略，應可包括災前的預防措施及災後的復育二部分。災害發生前的預防措施包括利用氣象預報及氣象與作物資料庫進行準備、規劃適當的果園位置、選擇耐逆境或抗逆境的種類與品種栽培、配合進行園藝技術之操作、調節作物產期等。災後的因應策略主要採取復育與復耕措施，其方法包括果園生產環境的復原、植株復育、田間衛生管理及病蟲害防治工作等。

關鍵字

果樹 ； 象災害 ； 復育

並列摘要

The agrometeorological disasters on fruit trees in Taiwan include chilling injury, frost injury, typhoon, rain-storm, drought and foehn wind, etc. The degrees of damage by agrometeorological disasters are different among the crops, cultivars and growing stage of fruit trees. Besides, the techniques of year-round production as well as the extension of production area cause many fruit trees suffered agrometeorological disasters. It will cause the reduction of fruit production because of the breakdown of shoots, the dropping of the leaves, flowers and fruits, growth retardation, physiological disorders and flower initiation impediment. The injuries happen in those organs such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. Agrometeorological disasters seem unavoidable, but the growers could take suitable orchard practice strategies to reduce the damages. It’s very important to restore the normal growth and production of fruit trees after agrometeorological disasters. Two important orchard practice strategies are available for agrometeorological disasters: the prevention in advance and the restoration afterward. The former includes the application of meteorological forecast and crop production database, which will help in deciding the allocation of orchard, the selection of crops and cultivars that tolerant or resistant to stress, and regulating the production periods by means of horticultural practices. The latter may be taken to help recovering growth and cultivation by restoring the production environment and plants and adopting the integrated management of orchard sanitation, diseases and pests.

並列關鍵字

Fruit tree ； Meteorological disaster ； Recovery technique