特定波段光輻射對不同栽培種菊花開花及花朵品質之差別效應

Effects of Nighttime Lighting with Specific Wavebands on Flowering and Flower Quality of Chrysanthemum

何佳勳(Chia-Hsun Ho) ； 楊純明(Chwen-Ming Yang) ； 蕭巧玲(Chiao-Ling Hsiao)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 9卷4期 (2012/12) Pp. 265-277

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.201212.0006

摘要

為瞭解特定波段光輻射對不同栽培種菊花開花及花朵品質之差別效應，並釐清其影響植株生長及開花性狀的機制，本研究乃進行一系列田間及盆栽試驗研究。本研究在位於臺中市霧峰區之行政院農業委員會農業試驗所簡易設施內進行盆栽試驗，在2011年10月01日栽植冬菊產季的大花栽培種「黃秀鳳」及「龍鳳紫」作為試材，自苗株種植於盆缽當日起即行夜間(22:00-02:00，計4h)特定波段光輻射照明處理，直至不照光對照組(CK)植株花蕾形成日為止。特定波段光輻射人工光源包括發光二極體(light-emitting diode; LED)和省電燈泡(energy-saving light bulb; ELB)，加上不照光對照組，合計10種光源處理。依照最小顯著性差異測驗(Least Significant Difference test; LSD)結果，分別比較開(切)花時之生長性狀及花朵特性。結果顯示，紅光10 W LED (R) 之夜間照明會提高「黃秀鳳」的花莖長度及葉位(片)數，白光10W LED (W10W)夜間光照處理會增加地上部鮮重，而紅藍光輻射3比1 組合LED (3R : 1B)及W10W 之處理株具有較佳的花朵直徑及周長。在「龍鳳紫」方面，顯示W10W 會促使花莖長度增加，R及W10W 會提高葉位數，R及ELB處理則會增加地上部鮮重，而3R : 1B及R之花朵直徑及周長皆優於對照組。生育進展的試驗結果，顯示W10W、R、ELB 及3R : 1B等處理均可延長「黃秀鳳」之達到露蕾期及開花期所需天數，而「龍鳳紫」亦有相類似的結果。綜合試驗結果，相較於其他6 種處理，以R、W10W、3R : 1B及ELB等4種人工光源處理對菊花大花栽培種「黃秀鳳「及「龍鳳紫」具有符合試驗目的之較佳處理效果。

關鍵字

菊花 ； 夜間光照 ； 達露蕾所需天數 ； 達切花所需天數 ； 開花期 ； 花朵品質

並列摘要

Lighting during nighttime is known to affect growth and flowering behavior of plants of Chrysanthemum. To clarify effects of nighttime lighting with varied wavebands on flowering and flower quality of Chrysanthemum spp., artificial light sources of light-emitting diodes (LEDs; 10 W) and energy-saving light bulb (ELB; 23 W) were adopted for this potted experiment in structure. The responses of treated plants in growth traits and flowering characters were measured and analyzed for lighting effects. The cutting seedlings of two big-flower species/varieties 'Huang-Hsiu-Feng' and 'Lung-Feng-Tzu' were planted in pots, two seedlings per pot, and grown under a Treatments of nighttime lighting, during dark period of 22:00–02:00, started from the planting day until the date of floral bud formation appearing on control plants of no light treatment check (CK). There were ten lighting treatments in total including CK. By the results of Least Significant Difference test, treatment of red light LED (R; 10 W) increased length of floral stem and number of leaf node (leaf number) of'Huang-Hsiu-Feng'. The aboveground fresh weight was enhanced by lighting with white light LED (W10W; 10 W) while floral characters were improved by treatments of red-blue combined LED (3R : 1B; 10 W) and W10W. In 'Lung-Feng-Tzu', W10W enlarged length of floral stem, R and W10W stimulated number of leaf node, and R and ELB increased aboveground fresh weight. Its flower characters were ameliorated by treated with 3R : 1B and R. As to effects on plant development, plants of both species lighted with W10W, R, ELB and 3R : 1B were found extending their days required to floral bud formation and flowering. Among these ten nighttime lighting treatments, R, W10W, 3R : 1B and ELB had relatively better results on plant growth and flower quality than others.

並列關鍵字

Chrysanthemum ； Nighttime lighting ； Days required to floral bud formation ； Days required to flowering ； Flowering stage ； Flower quality