北部地區冬季甘藷之健康種苗繁殖技術、蟲害發生調查及成本分析

Healthy Seedlings Propagation Technology Development, Insect Pests Density Survey and Cost Analysis for Sweet Potato Grown in Winter Season in Northern Taiwan

羅淑芳(Shu-Fang Lo) ； 林靜宜(Ching-Yi Lin) ； 黃守宏(Shou-Horng Huang)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 13卷3期 (2016/09) Pp. 116-125

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.201609_13(3).0002

摘要

本試驗目的為新北市金山地區進行甘藷「台農57號」、「台農66號」及「台農73號」等健康種苗越冬種植試驗，以生產優質及穩定的種苗，並評估隧道式設施及其他物品之成本，期盼當地種苗的供應能自給自足。根據中央氣象局資料，顯示2015年12月至2016年4月月均溫為14.4–17.6℃，期間甚至出現10℃以下的低溫，而自行以溫度測計測量結果，以土表下8cm之溫度最高，大氣之溫度較低，兩者相差0.5–1.3℃。塑膠布隧道內的大氣溫度較無覆蓋者可提高1–2.5℃，塑膠布隧道式栽培可確保低溫寒流期間之藷苗存活率達100%，無覆蓋者存活率僅50-55%之間；以塑膠布隧道式栽培方式對於甘藷3品種的植株生長勢較無覆蓋者為佳，且達極顯著性差異，其中以「台農66號」及「台農73號」的生長勢較「台農57號」旺盛。而蟲害發生調查顯示，1–3月低溫時期，所發生之害蟲種類及數量甚低，4月份大氣溫度逐漸上升，害蟲發生種類及數量有逐漸增加之現象，特別是鳥羽蛾，每條藷蔓平均密度可達0.5隻。此時期大氣溫度最高，塑膠布隧道內的大氣溫度則比無覆蓋區可提高1.5℃左右。以0.1ha栽培面積為估算單位，成本分析結果顯示，第一年以搭隧道式棚架所需材料的比例最高為67.3%，其次為整地、種植及搭棚架等工資佔18.6%，第二年以後所需的費用約為第一年的45%。

關鍵字

甘藷 ； 健康種苗 ； 隧道式栽培方式 ； 越冬種植 ； 蟲害

並列摘要

The objective of the present research was to develop healthy seedlings propagation technology for sweet potato cultivars 'Tainung No.57 (TNG57)', 'Tainung No.66 (TNG66)' and 'Tainung No.73 (TNG73)' grown in winter season in Jinshan District, New Taipei City. Thestable production ofhigh quality sweet potato seedling in Northern Taiwan as well as cost analysis for adopting protected/tunnel cultivation were also studied. From data collected from the Central Weather Bureau, from December 2015 to April 2016, the average monthly temperature was in range of 14.4℃ to 17.6℃ and the minimum temperature was below 10℃. By comparing air temperature, soil surface temperature and soil temperature of 8 cm depth, it showed that soil temperature measured at the depth of 8 cm was the highest while air temperature was the lowest, There as a 0.5℃to 1.3℃ temperature difference. The temperature inside tunnel was 1 ℃ to 2.5 ℃ higher than that in the open field. The survival rate of sweet potato seedlings for tunnel cultivation and open field were 100% and 50-55%, respectively. The growth rate of these three tested sweet potato varieties was also higher with tunnel cultivation, especially for TNG66 and TNG73. The density of insect pests was quiet low during January to March, but raised gradually in April, particularly plume moth reached 0.5 per sweet potato vine. Temperature inside tunnel was about 1.5 ℃ higher than that in the open field. By analyzing the total cost for 0.1 hectare, expenditure on tunnels was the major portion (67.3%), followed by the wages of plowing, planting and shedding (18.6%). However, the total cost in the second year reduced to about 45% of the cost paid in the first year.

並列關鍵字

Sweet potato ； Seedling ； Tunnel cultivation ； Seedling propagation in winter season ； Insect pests