基因編輯技術於農藝作物之應用

Application of Gene Editing Technology in Agronomic Crops

蔡育彰(Yu-Chang Tsai) ； 張銘顯(Ming-Hsien Chang)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 15卷2期 (2018/06) Pp. 127-135

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.201806_15(2).0007

摘要

隨著全球人口數量增加，極端氣候所造成糧食作物生產面臨頻繁的生物與非生物逆境，因此對於穩定糧食生產的需求也越顯重要。基因編輯技術在近幾年來發展迅速，此技術可針對選定之基因組目標區域序列進行編輯，經編輯後之目標序列可產生缺失、插入或置換等形式的突變，這些變異形式都為可遺傳性。目前基因編輯技術中CRISPR/Cas9系統已應用於許多植物上，本文章將介紹此技術應用於農藝作物目前的進展，其中包含禾本科作物水稻、小麥與玉米等。依不同作物所需要之農藝性狀，基因編輯不僅準確地對目標基因進行誘變，並可有效率的同時針對多個目標基因或運用於多倍體基因組使序列產生變異。因此基因編輯技術應用於作物上將可協助創造出更多耐逆境之品種，然而以基因編輯產生之作物未來管理上仍需進一步完整的規劃。

關鍵字

基因編輯 ； CRISPR/Cas9 ； 作物

並列摘要

As the global population increases and the extreme climate causes crop production facing frequent biotic and abiotic adversities. The need to stabilize food or feed production becomes more important. Gene editing technology has been developed rapidly in recent years. This technique can be used to edit specific target sequence of the chromosomes. The edited target sequence can produce various mutations, including deletions, insertions or substitutions. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is one of the gene editing technology, which has been frequently applied to many crops. This review updates current progress of this technology applied to major agronomic crops, including cereal crops such as rice, wheat and corn. Many studies have shown CRISPR/Cas9 system accurately mutagenizes the target sequence and alters important agronomic traits. The CRISPR/Cas9 multiplex system also efficiently mutates multiple target sites or polyploidy genome. Therefore, the application of gene editing technology to crops can accelerate the new feature presence in the elite crops. However, the regulation of commercial gene editing crops is still required further discussion in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Gene editing ； CRISPR/Cas9 ； Crop