覆蓋對「台農17號」鳳梨秋、冬季果實保護及品質之影響

Effects of Covering on Protection and Quality of Autumn and Winter Fruits in 'Tainung No.17' Pineapple

李柔誼(Jou-Yi Lee) ； 唐佳惠(Chia-Hui Tang) ； 官青杉(Ching-Shan Kuan)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 15卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 236-245

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.201812_15(4).0005

摘要

鳳梨在台灣可週年生產，果實品質容易受到氣候環境變化影響，近年隨氣候變遷，栽培環境溫度上升，台灣高屏地區秋、冬季仍有日燒問題，本研究於2017年屏東高樹地區，分別對植株或果實進行秋季5種及冬季4種覆蓋處理，探討處理間微環境變化對果實外觀防護效果及品質之影響。秋季果園環境最高氣溫達36.5℃，此時，以常用之紙袋套穿鳳梨果實，果肩溫度可達59.3℃，平均裂目數為7.5±2.1個，果實日燒率達2.5級。以50%黑色遮光網覆蓋，可使果肩最高溫度維持在40.0℃以下，並減少裂目數及日燒面積，綜合評估果實外觀及品質，以單層黑色遮光網覆蓋秋果效果最佳，惟處理間果實可溶性固形物及糖酸比無差異。冬季覆蓋為兼顧保溫效果及降低日燒傷害，以透明塑膠布覆蓋全植株會使果肩溫度較氣溫高出20℃，其果實可較紙袋覆蓋者提前一週採收。透明塑膠布半覆蓋方式有助於覆蓋材料下之空氣流通，平均裂目數為9.3±3.6個，日燒程度小於1級，降低果實損耗以增加合格果率。

關鍵字

覆蓋防護 ； 裂目 ； 日燒率 ； 可溶性固形物 ； 可滴定酸

並列摘要

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) can be year-round supplied in Taiwan, so the quality of fruits is more easily affected by changes in climate in different seasons. Under the effect of climate change, temperature of the cultivation environment has increased. There are considerable sunburn damages of pineapples in autumn and as well as winter. In order to understand micro-environmental conditions and protective effects of coverings on fruit appearance and quality, the pineapples cultivated in Gaoshu, Pingtung were treated with 5 and 4 different coverings on plants or fruits in autumn/winter 2017, respectively. In autumn, the highest recorded temperature in the orchard reached to 36.5℃. When pineapple plant was covered by the commonly used paper bag, the temperature of fruit shoulder reached 59.3℃, inter fruitlet cracking number of 7.5 ± 2.1, and sunburn degree of 2.5, yet covered 50% black shading net showed effectively reduced cracking number and also sunburn injury by keeping the temperature of fruit shoulder below 40.0℃. By comprehensively evaluating both fruit appearance and quality, the best covering in autumn was monolayer black net, even though there were no differences on total soluble solids or TSS/TA ratio between treatments. Winter coverage were used for thermal insulation and also keeping sunburn degree low. Temperature of fruits under full coverage of transparent PE film could be 20℃ higher than the environment temperature, and these fruits could be harvested a week earlier than those covered by paper bag. Half coverage of transparent PE film with average cracking numbers 9.3 ± 3.6, and sunburn degree less than level 1, resulted in reducing fruit loss and increasing qualified rate.

並列關鍵字

Covering protection ； Inter fruitlet cracking ； Sunburn degree ； Total soluble solids ； Titratable acidity