以農業觀點探討地史與環境因子對於臺灣木本植物多樣性分布之影響

Exploring the Influence of Geohistorical and Environmental Factors on the Diversity Distribution of Woody Plants in Taiwan from an Agricultural Perspective

鄭晢恩(Che-En Cheng) ； 陳虹諺(Hungyen Chen)

《作物、環境與生物資訊》 16卷3期 (2019/09) Pp. 109-119

https://doi.org/10.30061/CEB.201909_16(3).0001

摘要

世界人口不斷增長下各國對於保障糧食安全的因應措施多為增加農地面積，因而經常有毀林、過度耕種的情況。然而，這些將導致生態浩劫、生態系統失調，進而加劇氣候變遷、糧食歉收，形成惡性循環。為了打破此惡性循環，必須在產量提升與生態保育之間求得共存之道。生態農業、混農林業等新興農法可能是這些議題的解決手段，並且它們皆強調林木生物多樣性的維護。因此調查並維護木本植物多樣性是生態保育工作中重要的一環。本研究利用全台各地的木本植物物種以及松柏目物種資料來計算物種豐富度，歸納出物種多樣性的地域分佈，並分析地史（土地面積和人口數）及環境（溫度、雨量、日照時數及海拔高度）因子與物種多樣性的相關性。結果顯示在臺灣南部有較大的木本植物多樣性，臺灣中部和東部有較大的松柏目植物多樣性。物種多樣性的區域差異與海拔高度之相關程度最高，其次為土地面積大小以及溫度高低。分析的結果有助於瞭解臺灣木本植物物種與地理分佈、地史、環境因子的關係。期望能提供可用資訊給臺灣生態農業、混農林業等相關農業的可行性評估。

關鍵字

生態因子 ； 森林 ； 物種多樣性 ； 樹木 ； 混農林業

並列摘要

With the increasing population of the world, most countries take measures to ensure food security by increasing the area of agricultural land, which often results in deforestation and over-cultivation. However, these will lead to ecological catastrophe and ecosystem imbalance, which will further aggravate climate change, grain failure and form a vicious circle. In order to break the circle, it is necessary to find a way of coexistence between yield improvement and ecological conservation. Emerging agriculture such as ecoagriculture and agroforestry may be solutions to these issues, and they all emphasize the conservation of forest biodiversity. Therefore, the investigation and maintenance of woody plant diversity is an important part of ecological conservation work. In this study, we used overall woody plant species and Pinales (tree) species around Taiwan to calculate the species richness, depicted the geographical distribution of species diversity, and analyzed the correlation between geohistorical (land area and population) and environmental (temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours and altitude) factors and species diversity. The results showed the spatial difference of the species diversity and the high values of overall woody plants were in southern Taiwan. For Pinales, the high values of species diversity were found in central and eastern Taiwan. Moreover, the results suggest that the elevation, temperature and land area were the three most important factors on the distribution of woody plants species diversity in Taiwan. The results are helpful to understand the relationship between woody plant species and geographical distribution, geohistorical and environmental factors in Taiwan. It is expected to provide references for evaluation of feasibility of ecoagriculture, agroforestry and other relevant agriculture in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Ecological factor ； Forest ； Species diversity ； Tree ； Agroforestry