民初上海咖啡館與都市作家

咖啡館在租界設立以後隨著外國人的進入而傳入上海，雖然在租界設立超過半個世紀以後，仍未能取代中國傳統的茶樓，卻因爲被視爲是西方都會的象徵而逐漸受到都會作家的重視。咖啡館不傴時常出現在文學作品當中，張若谷等作家更是認爲可以藉由咖啡館中的異國情調的體會與法國沙龍文化的模仿，讓上海可以更深刻地認識西洋文化，然而提倡咖啡座談並不傴只是模仿西洋文化，更希望進而促成中國文化本身內在的改變。雖然此倡議在咖啡館無法脫離資產階級形象且未能成爲普羅大眾日常的生活習慣下無疾而終，然而從咖啡館傳入上海到至今咖啡館受到矚目這個漫長的過程中，上海人對於咖啡館的看法並非一成不變，茶館也受到咖啡館的影響而逐漸咖啡館化。在這個過程中我們可以看到咖啡館的發展不傴結合了上海區域文化的歷史脈絡而帶有上海色彩，也看到了上海在西洋文化衝擊下的時代性的影響。

關鍵字

咖啡館；張若谷；異國情調；咖啡座談

並列摘要

Coffee houses were first set up in the International Concession and were gradually introduced to the rest of Shanghai, following the influx of foreigners. Even after half a century, they were unable to supplant traditional Chinese-style tea houses, but they did come to be seen as symbols of Western metropolitan life and gradually became the focus of serious attention by metropolitan writers. Coffee houses made their appearance in works of literature. Jang Ruo-gu and other authors even believed that, through experiencing the foreign atmosphere of the coffee houses, one could arrive at an imitation of French salon culture, so that Shanghainese could acquire a more profound understanding of Western culture. By advocating coffee house discussion, their intention was not just to imitate Western culture, but even more to expedite the internal transformation of Chinese culture itself. Even though coffee houses in this proposal could not be separated from images of the bourgeoisie, and eventually foundered because there was no way in which it could be extended to the daily lives of the broad masses. Still, the ways in which coffee houses have been regarded from the time of their introduction in Shanghai up to the present day have not been unchanging. Tea houses were influenced by coffee houses and gradually came to imitate them. In this process we can not only see that coffee houses came to epitomise the historical context of Shanghai urban culture and take on a special Shanghainese colouring, but can also catch a glimpse of Shanghai during this period of invasion by Western culture.