台灣21縣市農業生產力之研究

A Study on Agricultural Productivity of 21 Counties in Taiwan

施孟隆(Meng-Long Shih) ； 黃炳文(Biing-Wen Huang) ； 彭克仲(Ke-Chung Peng) ； 林思如(Szu-Ju Lin)

《生物與休閒事業研究》 2卷1期 (2004/06) Pp. 45-66

https://doi.org/10.30133/BLIR.200406.0004

摘要

本研究考慮二個產出變數與三個投入變數，使用BCC與Malmquist生產力指數模式評估台灣地區各縣市農業生產技術效率與跨期生產力變動情形，並探討政府農業支出、人力資本對農業生產技術效率與農業生產力之影響。
本研究利用1992至2001年間之資料，以Deap套裝軟體進行評估台灣地區各縣市農業生產技術效率與農業生產力變動率，再以SHAZAM套裝軟體進行評估政府農業支出、人力資本對農業生產技術效率與農業生產力之影響，僅將實證結果歸納如後：
一、台灣地區各縣市農業生產技術效率分析：以2001年度為例有新竹縣、彰化縣、南投縣、雲林縣、台南縣、屏東縣等六個縣之農業生產技術效率值為1，表示這三個單位達到柏拉圖最適境界；且其生產規模效率接近固定規模報酬。其餘縣市之農業生產之技術效率小於1，且其生產規模為規模報酬遞增。
二、台灣地區各縣市轄區農業生產規模效率分析：新竹縣、彰化縣、屏東縣等三個縣自1992至2001年各年度之生產相對效率值均為1，生產規模接近固定規模報酬，或趨近長期最適規模。
三、各縣市農業生產力跨期分析：基隆巿、新竹巿、嘉義市及台南市等長期間平均的農業生產力是呈衰退的現象；其餘各縣市長期間的農業生產力是呈成長的趨勢，其成長主要動力來自技術進步。
四、21縣市政府農業支出、人力資本與各縣市農業生產力關聯分析：
(一)、各縣市農業生產技術效率與農業支出、人力資本關聯分析：農業支出、人力資本之推估係數為正，表示農業支出、人力資本與技術效率呈正向關係，即表示各縣市政府農業支出愈多，該縣的農業生產技術效率愈高；各縣市之人力資本愈高，該縣的農業生產技術效率愈高。
(二)、各縣市農業生產力變動率與農業支出、人力資本關聯分析：農業支出、人力資本之推估係數為正，表示農業支出、人力資本與生產力變動率呈正向關係，即表示各縣市政府農業支出增加，該縣的農業生產力會改善。

關鍵字

Malmquist產力指數 ； 技術效率 ； 資料包落分析法

並列摘要

This research takes two output and three input variables. By using model of BBC and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI), we estimate the dynamic phenomena of agricultural techniques efficiency and productivity among counties in Taiwan. Furthermore, we manage to find out the influences, imposed by government's agricultural expenditure and human capital, on agricultural techniques efficient and agricultural productivity.
The panel data of 21 counties and cities is collected over the period 1992-2001. Techniques efficiencies and productivity change is estimated by the Deap packages software. SHAZAM package software is employed to estimate the influences, caused by government's agricultural expenditure and human capital, on agricultural techniques efficiency and productivity change. The research results indicate the following.
1. Analysis for the agricultural production techniques efficiency amid counties in Taiwan: With the data of 2001 for an example, there is Hsinchu County、Chunghua County 、Nantou County 、Yunlin County 、Tainan County 、Pingtung County has value 1 for agricultural production technique efficiency. It suggests that the six units have reached Pareto improvement. Their efficiency of scale of production is approaching constant returns to scale. The rest of the counties and cities' agricultural production technique efficiency is smaller than 1. Hence, their scale of production belongs to increasing returns to scale.
2. Analysis for agricultural scale of production among counties in Taiwan: Hsichu County 、Chunghua County 、Pingtung County is the three counties have technique efficiency value 1 for yearly. And their scales of production are near constant returns to scale. In other words, theirs are near long-term economic of scales.
3. Analysis of agricultural productivity change among counties and cities: Keelung City 、Hsinchu City 、Chiayi City and Tainan City have been showing thephenomenon of decrease in average agricultural productivity in the long term; however, the rest of the counties and cities have long-term growth trend in agricultural productivity. In other words, the government agricultural expenditures promoted technology progress on agricultural productivity of cities and counties.
4. Correlation analysis for government's agricultural expenditure 、human capital and agricultural productivity amid 21 counties and cities.
(1) Correlation analysis for agricultural production technique efficiency and agricultural expenditure 、human capital among counties: If the estimated coefficient of agricultural expenditure 、manpower capital is positive. Agricultural expenditure 、human capital and technique efficiencies was positive trend. That infers the fact that the more government's agricultural expenditure is invested the higher agricultural production technique efficiency will be gained by the county concerned; The more human capital is inputted the higher agricultural production technique efficiency will be gained by the county involved. The human capital and productivity change is showed positive trend.
(2) Correlation analysis for agricultural productivity and agricultural expenditure 、human capital among counties and cities: the estimated coefficient of agricultural expenditure 、human capital showed positive. It suggests agricultural expenditure 、human capital and productivity change showed positive trend. That infers the fact that agricultural productivity improvement would happen by the increase of government's agricultural expenditure by county concerned.

並列關鍵字

Malmquist Productivity Index ； Techniques efficiencies ； Data Envelopment Analysis