日本專門高校現況與發展課題之探討

日本社會面對產業結構性改變、人口少子化及老齡化等問題，試圖透過教育改革，培養學生具備社會所需的職業觀和勤勞觀，及強化學生實踐力、溝通力與問題解決能力。專門高校教育具有培育產業所需的基本知識、技術和態度的功能，實踐人力資源開發計劃的職業教育，培訓未來所需的專業人才，是支持日本經濟成長的基本支柱。本文透過文件分析，探討日本專門高校發展背景及歷次教育法規的變革，並解析專門高校辦理現況及改革特色，提出對我國高職教育推動方向及課程改革的啟示。研究結果發現，日本專門高校為提高教育品質，確保學校教育水準，積極推動教育振興基本計畫及修訂高校學習指導要領；在強化學校教育和產業需求的銜接上，透過職場與就業體驗措施，培育符合地域產業需求，且具備專門能力和豐富人生經歷的職業人才。日本經驗可供國內職業教育類科整合和學科課程規劃之借鏡，以期培養學生具備職業專業技能、態度和能力，促進學生在學校與社會和產業間平穩轉移。

關鍵字

日本專門高校；專門高校法規；職業教育改革

並列摘要

Due to the changes of industrial structure, low birth rate, and increasing aging population, Japan has implemented a series of educational reforms to train students with necessary professional ideology, and to strengthen their practical ability, communication and problem solving skills. Since the technical high schools could cultivate students basic knowledge, skills and affect needed by industries, and practice human resource development program of vocational education, it is considered to be a pillar to support the growth of Japanese economy. This study conducted document analysis to explore the development of the technical high schools in Japan, the evolutions of related educational regulations, and its current situation and reform. The results indicated that in order to increase the quality of technical high schools, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan has been active in promoting Basic Plan for the Promotion of Education and revising the Curriculum Guidelines for High Schools. Moreover, cultivating the talents with specialized skills, extensive living experience and skills needed by regional industries has been emphasized by the means of activities that enhance students' workplace and employment experiences. Japanese experiences are valuable for us in considering how to integrate career clusters/categories and revise curriculum for vocational high schools to facilitate students transferring from schools to industries.