身分、功能與園林審美意趣－白居易的私園與公園書寫

Identity, Function and Aesthetic Interest and Charm of Gardens-Bai Juyi's Private and Public Garden Writings

侯迺慧(Nai-Huei Hou)

《人文集刊》 6期 (2008/06) Pp. 1-37

https://doi.org/10.29470/JH.200806.0001

摘要

本文從身分與功能兩個視角切入，解析私家園林與公共園林雖然具有同樣的組成要素，但是因為遊園者身分的差異，與園林提供的長久居住功能的有無，卻會產生園林審美意趣上極為豐富的差異。而白居易是在園林普遍成為文人品味與文化身分的表徵之前，就已擁有多座私園與豐富公園遊賞經驗的人，最能真切地看到他遊賞私園與公園的情感與審美趣味，故以白居易為解析研究的對象，作為展現身分與功能影響園林審美意趣的例證。全文共分為七個部份：一為前言，簡單說明身分、功能、園林審美意趣的關係與白居易的園林經驗。二解析白居易的園林身分帶給他的相互歸屬感與非主非客的無所歸屬。三再從園林身分切入，解析園林審美活動中的滿足感、成就感、生命記憶與價值依歸。四從園林長久居住功能的有無，分析私園以幽境來頤養性靈與公園以美景來欣賞遊樂的審美向度的差異。五再從功能的角度切入，解析園林群像與處世精神的差異。六則結合身分、功能與時間因素，論析私園與公園在常與無常上的弔詭性。七為結論。

關鍵字

園林 ； 園林書寫 ； 私家園林 ； 公共園林 ； 白居易 ； 唐代

並列摘要

This study addresses the issue that the differences of visitors' identities and the long-term inhabitation function offered by the gardens have resulted in extremely abundant differences on the aesthetic interest and charm between private and public gardens, although these two types of gardens have the same key components. Bai Juyi is the one that owns many private gardens and abundant garden touring experiences before gardens become commonly the symbol of scholar's taste and the cultural identity. Bai's emotion and aesthetic interests can easily be seen from his work about touring private and public gardens. Therefore, this study is focused on Bai Juyi and his work as an exemplification for illustrating both identity and function which influence the aesthetic interest and charm in the gardens. The paper is divided into seven sections. Section one is a preface, briefly stating the relation of identities, functions, aesthetic interest and charm of gardens and Bai Juyi's garden experiences. Section two analyzes the issue that the garden identity of Bai Juyi has brought him the mutual sense of ownership and the non-belonging sense of neither a host nor a guest. Section three analyzes the sense of achievement, fulfillment, life memory and value in the aesthetic activities of the gardens from the perspective of garden identities. Section four conducts an analysis from the perspective of the long-term inhabitation function offered by the gardens, as well as of the differences between private gardens which nourish visitor's mind and soul by their hidden nature and pubic gardens which visitors enjoy with an aesthetic attitude toward their beautiful scenery. Section five then conducts a further analysis from the functional perspective of the differences between group identities of gardens and the spirit of conducting oneself in society. Section six analyzes the paradox that permanence and impermanence co-exist for private and public gardens by using an integrated view of identity, function, and time factors. Finally, section seven concludes this paper.

並列關鍵字

Gardens ； Garden Writing ； Private Gardens ； Public Gardens ； Bai Juyi ； The Tang Dynasty