清末民初文人的社會網絡─以上海南社為個案研究（1909－1923）

Literati's Social Networking in Late Qing and Early Republic-A Case Study on Shanghai Nanshe (1909-1923)

陳香杏(Shiang-Shing Chen)

《人文集刊》 8期 (2009/06) Pp. 141-171

https://doi.org/10.29470/JH.200906.0006

摘要

本文藉由探討清末民初革命文學團體──南社及其成員的生活經歷，說明處在過渡時代的知識分子如何在近代城市中構建社會網絡、尋求自我認同與群體歸屬，以及調適心態融入城市生活的的情形。全文內容概括如下：一、說明東南一帶尤其是上海地區立會結社的盛況，以及主要社員聚於上海參與愛國團體、廣結人脈並醞釀出創社的契機。二、分析南社創立宗旨與目的，而其鬆散的組織正是廣納社員的關鍵。社團兩大活動：叢刻的發行使其思想言論廣為流佈；雅集聚會則突顯南社的舊式文人風習與城市空間互相融合的趣味，其政治議論也孕育了公共領域的意涵。三、描述南社中人在社團以外的生活。報界的職場表現說明傳統文人逐漸蛻變為新型文化人，並在人際互動中凝聚成新的社交網絡與群體意識；而休閒消遣則透露出在角色轉變的過程中，文人心理調適的掙扎與矛盾，由此顯示他們雖從事新式工作，但在生活上與思想上仍不免餘留了過渡時代的不確定性。

關鍵字

南社 ； 上海 ； 文人 ； 社會網絡 ； 報人群體

並列摘要

Probing into the revolutionary literature group Nanshe of late Qing and its members, this article is to illustrate the transition of intellectuals in modern Chinese cities from traditional to modern period by examining their ways to build a social network and seek self-identity and group affiliation, as well as adapt mentally into the circumstances of city life.The major points of this article can be summarized as follows:First, it gives out a general picture of networking activities among the intellectuals in Shanghai area as the background in which the members of Nanshe came together and created the nationalistic association.Second, it analyzes the objects and purposes of Nanshe. Its loose structure was the key to solicit members in a wide range. Another focus is the two dimensions of organization life in Nanshe: publication of Nanshe Congke (南社叢刻) and literati gathering (雅集). Nanshe Congke was the major and effective instrument to promote its ideas and opinions; literati gathering highlighted the integration of the traditional literati into the urban space which gave birth to a public domain for the intellectuals as a platform of entertainment and political discussions.Third, it explores the life of Nanshe members outside the organization. Their high exposures to mass media business indicated the transformation of traditional literati into a new type of modern intellectuals in modern China. A new kind of social networking and group consciousness were aroused in a new cultural and social environment, and the psychological adjustment was revealed in the process of leisure pastime. AII indicated that although they were engaged in new work, in their daily life and ideology they were still remaining uncertain at a transitional era.

並列關鍵字

Nanshe ； Shanghai ； scholars ； social networks ； newspaper groups